دورية أكاديمية
Interleukin-9 in Immunopathology of Trypanosoma cruzi Experimental Infection.
العنوان: | Interleukin-9 in Immunopathology of Trypanosoma cruzi Experimental Infection. |
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المؤلفون: | Silva NSL; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Orikaza CM; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., de Santana FR; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Dos Santos LA; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Salu BR; Biochemistry Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Oliva MLV; Biochemistry Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Sinigaglia RC; Electronic Microscopy Center, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., Mortara RA; Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. |
المصدر: | Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology [Front Cell Infect Microbiol] 2021 Oct 15; Vol. 11, pp. 756521. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Oct 15 (Print Publication: 2021). |
نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
اللغة: | English |
بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Frontiers Media SA Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101585359 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2235-2988 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22352988 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Cell Infect Microbiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Media SA |
مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Chagas Disease* , Interleukin-9* , Trypanosoma cruzi*, Animals ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C |
مستخلص: | Chagas' disease is a parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi , which affects approximately 8 million people worldwide. The balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced during immunological responses contributes to disease prognosis and progression. Parasite tissue persistence can induce chronic inflammatory stimuli, which can cause long-term tissue injury and fibrosis. Chronic Chagas' patients exhibit increased levels of interleukin (IL)-9, an important cytokine in the regulation of inflammatory and fibrogenic processes. Data on the role of IL-9 in other pathologies are sometimes contradictory, and few studies have explored this cytokine's influence in Chagas' disease pathology. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the role of IL-9 in the progression of T. cruzi infection in vivo and in vitro . In vitro infection demonstrated that IL-9 reduced the number of infected cells and decreased the multiplication of intracellular amastigotes in both C2C12 myoblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages. In myoblasts, the increased production of nitric oxide (NO) was essential for reduced parasite multiplication, whereas macrophage responses resulted in increased IL-6 and reduced TGF-β levels, indicating that parasite growth restriction mechanisms induced by IL-9 were cell-type specific. Experimental infection of BALB/c mice with T. cruzi trypomastigotes of the Y strain implicated a major role of IL-9 during the chronic phase, as increased Th9 and Tc9 cells were detected among splenocytes; higher levels of IL-9 in these cell populations and increased cardiac IL-9 levels were detected compared to those of uninfected mice. Moreover, rIL9 treatment decreased serum IL-12, IL-6, and IL-10 levels and cardiac TNF-α levels, possibly attempting to control the inflammatory response. IL-9 neutralization increased cardiac fibrosis, synthesis of collagens I and III, and mastocyte recruitment in BALB/c heart tissue during the chronic phase. In conclusion, our data showed that IL-9 reduced the invasion and multiplication of T. cruzi in vitro , in both myoblasts and macrophages, favoring disease control through cell-specific mechanisms. In vivo , IL-9 was elevated during experimental chronic infection in BALB/c mice, and this cytokine played a protective role in the immunopathological response during this phase by controlling cardiac fibrosis and proinflammatory cytokine production. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2021 Silva, Orikaza, Santana, dos Santos, Salu, Oliva, Sinigaglia and Mortara.) |
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فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: IL-9; Th9; Trypanosoma cruzi; collagen; fibrosis |
المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Cytokines) 0 (Interleukin-9) |
تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20211101 Date Completed: 20211125 Latest Revision: 20220531 |
رمز التحديث: | 20231215 |
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC8554238 |
DOI: | 10.3389/fcimb.2021.756521 |
PMID: | 34722343 |
قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
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