دورية أكاديمية
Immunotherapy for visceral leishmaniasis: A trapeze of balancing counteractive forces.
| العنوان: | Immunotherapy for visceral leishmaniasis: A trapeze of balancing counteractive forces. |
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| المؤلفون: | Mazire PH; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India., Saha B; National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India., Roy A; Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune 411007, India. Electronic address: amitathens@gmail.com. |
| المصدر: | International immunopharmacology [Int Immunopharmacol] 2022 Sep; Vol. 110, pp. 108969. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jun 20. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Review |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100965259 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-1705 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15675769 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int Immunopharmacol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier Science, c2001- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Leishmania donovani*/immunology , Leishmania infantum*/immunology , Leishmaniasis Vaccines*, Immunotherapy/*methods , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/*therapy, Animals ; Disease Reservoirs ; Dogs ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/prevention & control ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/transmission ; Monocyte-Macrophage Precursor Cells/parasitology |
| مستخلص: | The protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani, residing and replicating within the cells of the monocyte-macrophage (mono-mac) lineage, causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in humans. While, Leishmania infantum, is the main causative agent for zoonotic VL, where dogs are the main reservoirs of the disease. The chemotherapy is a serious problem because of restricted repertoire of drugs, drug-resistant parasites, drug-toxicity and the requirement for parenteral administration, which is a problem in resource-starved countries. Moreover, immunocompromised individuals, particularly HIV-1 infected are at higher risk of VL due to impairment in T-helper cell and regulatory cell responses. Furthermore, HIV-VL co-infected patients report poor response to conventional chemotherapy. Recent efforts are therefore directed towards devising both prophylactic and therapeutic immunomodulation. As far as prophylaxis is concerned, although canine vaccines for the disease caused by Leishmania infantum or Leishmania chagasi are available, no vaccine is available for use in humans till date. Therefore, anti-leishmanial immunotherapy triggering or manipulating the host's immune response is gaining momentum during the last two decades. Immunomodulators comprised of small molecules, anti-leishmanial peptides, complex ligands for host receptors, cytokines or their agonists and antibodies have been given trials both in experimental models and in humans. However, the success of immunotherapy in humans remains a far-off target. We, therefore, propose that devising a successful immunotherapy is an act of balancing enhanced beneficial Leishmania-specific responses and deleterious immune activation/hyperinflammation just as the swings in a trapeze. (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Immune biomarkers; Immunomodulators; Immunopathogenesis; Immunotherapy; Th1 cytokines; Th2 cytokines; Therapeutic vaccines; Visceral leishmaniasis |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Immunologic Factors) 0 (Leishmaniasis Vaccines) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20220623 Date Completed: 20220817 Latest Revision: 20220823 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20221213 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108969 |
| PMID: | 35738089 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1878-1705 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108969 |