دورية أكاديمية
Are cytostatic drugs in surface waters a potential threat?
| العنوان: | Are cytostatic drugs in surface waters a potential threat? |
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| المؤلفون: | Gouveia TIA; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal., Mota IH; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal., Silva AMT; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal., Alves A; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal., Santos MSF; LEPABE - Laboratory for Process, Environmental, Biotechnology and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: mssantos@fe.up.pt. |
| المصدر: | The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2022 Dec 20; Vol. 853, pp. 158559. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 08. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0330500 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1026 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00489697 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Total Environ Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Cytostatic Agents*/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis , Drinking Water*, Child ; Humans ; Environmental Monitoring ; Etoposide ; Flutamide ; Mycophenolic Acid ; Rivers ; Cyclophosphamide ; Chlorambucil ; Tamoxifen ; Cyproterone ; Pharmaceutical Preparations |
| مستخلص: | Cytostatic drugs are pharmaceuticals administered to cancer patients under chemotherapy. Their occurrence in surface waters has been reported worldwide, increasing environmental and human health concerns. This work addresses a question of worldwide interest: are these hazardous pharmaceuticals in surface waters a potential threat? For the first time, this study brings information on the presence of cytostatic drugs in Portuguese rivers. Furthermore, cutting-edge data on the occurrence of two cytostatic drugs is provided; up to the authors' best knowledge, flutamide and mycophenolate mofetil have never been monitored in worldwide surface waters. Nine out of thirteen cytostatic drugs were detected in Portuguese rivers. Despite bicalutamide being the cytostatic most frequently detected, the highest concentration was recorded for cyproterone (19 ± 3 ng/L). Three different scenarios were considered to estimate the risks from the exposure of humans to cytostatic drugs via surface waters. Two scenarios are associated with bathing practices in rivers, particularly in the spring and summer seasons (river beaches): (i) the exposure to cytostatic drugs by dermal contact with contaminated water and (ii) the exposure by accidental ingestion of contaminated water, which is less likely but also occurs. The third exposure scenario is related to (iii) the long-life consumption of drinking water produced from river water capture, under worst-case conditions, i.e. negligible degradation of cytostatic drugs at drinking water treatment plants. It was concluded that the third exposure context to cytostatics could represent a risk to children, if the highest concentration ever reported in the literature for cyclophosphamide in surface waters is considered. Still, attending to the carcinogenicity of some of these compounds (e.g., cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, etoposide and tamoxifen), health risks might always be expected, regardless of the contamination level. Furthermore, health risks associated with synergic effects and/or long-term exposures cannot be ruled out, even for the remaining cytostatics/exposure contexts. Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Anticancer drugs; Cytotoxics; Human exposure; Pollution; Risk assessment; Surface waters |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Cytostatic Agents) 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) 0 (Drinking Water) 6PLQ3CP4P3 (Etoposide) 76W6J0943E (Flutamide) HU9DX48N0T (Mycophenolic Acid) 8N3DW7272P (Cyclophosphamide) 18D0SL7309 (Chlorambucil) 094ZI81Y45 (Tamoxifen) E61Q31EK2F (Cyproterone) 0 (Pharmaceutical Preparations) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20220910 Date Completed: 20221027 Latest Revision: 20221027 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240628 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158559 |
| PMID: | 36087660 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1879-1026 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158559 |