دورية أكاديمية
The adaptive immune system in early life: The shift makes it count.
| العنوان: | The adaptive immune system in early life: The shift makes it count. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Pieren DKJ; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands., Boer MC; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands., de Wit J; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands. |
| المصدر: | Frontiers in immunology [Front Immunol] 2022 Nov 17; Vol. 13, pp. 1031924. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 17 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Review |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation] Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101560960 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-3224 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16643224 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation] |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Immune System* , Vaccination*, Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Adult ; Child ; Adaptive Immunity |
| مستخلص: | Respiratory infectious diseases encountered early in life may result in life-threatening disease in neonates, which is primarily explained by the relatively naive neonatal immune system. Whereas vaccines are not readily available for all infectious diseases, vaccinations have greatly reduced childhood mortality. However, repeated vaccinations are required to reach protective immunity in infants and not all vaccinations are effective at young age. Moreover, protective adaptive immunity elicited by vaccination wanes more rapidly at young age compared to adulthood. The infant adaptive immune system has previously been considered immature but this paradigm has changed during the past years. Recent evidence shows that the early life adaptive immune system is equipped with a strong innate-like effector function to eliminate acute pathogenic threats. These strong innate-like effector capacities are in turn kept in check by a tolerogenic counterpart of the adaptive system that may have evolved to maintain balance and to reduce collateral damage. In this review, we provide insight into these aspects of the early life's adaptive immune system by addressing recent literature. Moreover, we speculate that this shift from innate-like and tolerogenic adaptive immune features towards formation of immune memory may underlie different efficacy of infant vaccination in these different phases of immune development. Therefore, presence of innate-like and tolerogenic features of the adaptive immune system may be used as a biomarker to improve vaccination strategies against respiratory and other infections in early life. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Pieren, Boer and de Wit.) |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: adaptive immune system; biomarker; heterogeneity; immune memory; infants; respiratory infectious diseases; tolerance; vaccination |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20221205 Date Completed: 20221206 Latest Revision: 20221206 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20221206 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC9712958 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031924 |
| PMID: | 36466865 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1664-3224 |
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| DOI: | 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031924 |