دورية أكاديمية
The Gap in Mental Health Service Utilization Among United Methodist Clergy with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms.
| العنوان: | The Gap in Mental Health Service Utilization Among United Methodist Clergy with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Biru B; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Yao J; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Plunket J; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Hybels CF; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Kim ET; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Eagle DE; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Choi JY; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA., Proeschold-Bell RJ; Center for Health Policy and Inequalities Research, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, 310 Trent Drive, Durham, NC, 27705, USA. Rae.jean@duke.edu. |
| المصدر: | Journal of religion and health [J Relig Health] 2023 Jun; Vol. 62 (3), pp. 1597-1615. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 12. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 2985199R Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-6571 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00224197 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Relig Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: New York, NY : Springer Original Publication: New York : Academy of Religion and Mental Health. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Protestantism* , Mental Health Services*, Adult ; Humans ; Young Adult ; Depression/epidemiology ; Depression/therapy ; Depression/psychology ; Clergy/psychology ; Anxiety/epidemiology ; Anxiety/therapy |
| مستخلص: | Clergy are tasked with multiple interpersonal administrative, organizational, and religious responsibilities, such as preaching, teaching, counseling, administering sacraments, developing lay leader skills, and providing leadership and vision for the congregation and community. The high expectations and demands placed on them put them at an increased risk for mental distress such as depression and anxiety. Little is known about whether and how clergy, helpers themselves, receive care when they experience mental distress. All active United Methodist Church (UMC) clergy in North Carolina were recruited to take a survey in 2019 comprising validated depression and anxiety screeners and questions about mental health service utilization. Bivariate and Poisson regression analyses were conducted on the subset of participants with elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms to determine the extent of mental health service use during four different timeframes and the relationship between service use and sociodemographic variables. A total of 1,489 clergy participated. Of the 222 (15%) who had elevated anxiety or depressive symptoms or both, 49.1% had not ever or recently (in the past two years) seen a mental health professional. Participants were more likely to report using services currently or recently (in the past two years) if they were younger, had depression before age 21, or "very often" felt loved and cared for by their congregation. The rate of mental health service use among UMC clergy is comparable to the national average of service use by US adults with mental distress. However, it is concerning that 49% of clergy with elevated symptoms were not engaged in care. This study points to clergy subgroups to target for an increase in mental health service use. Strategies to support clergy and minimize mental health stigma are needed. (© 2022. The Author(s).) |
| References: | Alpass, F. M., & Neville, S. (2003). Loneliness, health and depression in older males. Aging & Mental Health, 7(3), 212–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360786031000101193. (PMID: 10.1080/1360786031000101193) Andrilla, C. H. A., Patterson, D. G., Garberson, L. A., Coulthard, C., & Larson, E. H. (2018). Geographic variation in the supply of selected behavioral health providers. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 54(6 Suppl 3), S199–S207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.004. (PMID: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.01.00429779543) Anshel, M. H., & Smith, M. (2014). The role of religious leaders in promoting healthy habits in religious institutions. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(4), 1046–1059. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-013-9702-5. (PMID: 10.1007/s10943-013-9702-523516019) Bledsoe, T. S., Setterlund, K., Adams, C. J., Fok-Trela, A., & Connolly, M. (2013). Addressing pastoral knowledge and attitudes about clergy/mental health practitioner collaboration. Social Work and Christianity, 40(1), 23–45. Boyatzis, R., Brizz, T., & Godwin, L. (2011). The effect of religious leaders’ emotional and social competencies on improving parish vibrancy. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 18(2), 192–206. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051810369676. (PMID: 10.1177/1548051810369676) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality. (2017). Nonresponse bias in demographic and survey estimates from the mental health surveillance study of the national survey on drug use and health. Retrieved October 04, 2022, from Nonresponse Bias in Demographic and Survey Estimates from the Mental Health Surveillance Study of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (samhsa.gov). DeShon, R. P. (2010). Clergy effectiveness: national survey results summary. Published by the general board of higher education and ministry, the United Methodist church. Accessed (26 Mar 2022): https://www.gbhem.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/exec-summary.pdf. Evans, M., Tang, P. Y., Bhushan, N., Fisher, E. B., Dreyer Valovcin, D., & Castellano, C. (2020). Standardization and adaptability for dissemination of telephone peer support for high-risk groups: General evaluation and lessons learned. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 10(3), 506–515. https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibaa047. (PMID: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa047325423427529008) Frenk, S. M., Mustillo, S. A., Hooten, E. G., & Meador, K. G. (2013). The clergy occupational distress index (CODI): Background and findings from two samples of clergy. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(2), 397–407. (PMID: 10.1007/s10943-011-9486-421409478) Hybels, C. F., Blazer, D. G., & Proeschold-Bell, R. J. (2018). Persistent depressive symptoms in a population with high levels of occupational stress: Trajectories offer insights into both chronicity and resilience. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 24(6), 399–409. https://doi.org/10.1097/PRA.0000000000000337. (PMID: 10.1097/PRA.000000000000033730395547) Jackson-Jordan, E. A. (2013). Clergy burnout and resilience: A review of the literature. The Journal of Pastoral Care & Counseling, 67(1), 3. Kansiewicz, K. M., Sells, J. N., Holland, D., Lichi, D., & Newmeyer, M. (2022). Well-being and help-seeking among assemblies of god ministers in the USA. Journal of Religion and Health, 61(2), 1242–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01488-z. (PMID: 10.1007/s10943-021-01488-z349978848742158) Knox, S., Virginia, S., & Lombardo, J. (2002). Depression and anxiety in Roman Catholic secular clergy. Education Faculty Research and Publications, 50, 345–358. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014461603872. (PMID: 10.1023/A:1014461603872) Krause, N. (1999). Religious support. multidimensional measurement of religiousness/spirituality for use in health esearch: A report of the fetzer institute-national institute on aging working group (pp. 57–63). Kalamazoo: MI Fetzer Institute. Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x. (PMID: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x115569411495268) Little, L. M., Simmons, B. L., & Nelson, D. L. (2007). Health among leaders: Positive and negative affect, engagement and burnout, forgiveness and revenge. Journal of Management Studies, 44(2), 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00687.x. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00687.x) Lutz, J., & Eagle, D. E. (2019). Social networks, support, and depressive symptoms: Gender differences among clergy. Sociological Research for a Dynamic World Socius. https://doi.org/10.1177/2378023119873821. (PMID: 10.1177/2378023119873821) Magaard, J. L., Seeralan, T., Schulz, H., & Brütt, A. L. (2017). Factors associated with help-seeking behaviour among individuals with major depression: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 12(5), e0176730. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176730. (PMID: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176730284939045426609) Meek, K., McMinn, M., Brower, C., Burnett, T., McRay, B., Ramey, M., Swanson, D., & Villa, D. (2003). Maintaining personal resiliency: Lessons learned from evangelical protestant clergy. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 31, 339–347. https://doi.org/10.1177/009164710303100404. (PMID: 10.1177/009164710303100404) Mental Health in America (MHIA). (2019). The state of mental health in America. Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://mhanational.org/research-reports/2019-state-mental-health-america-report. Miles, A., & Proeschold-Bell, R. J. (2012). Overcoming the challenges of pastoral work? peer support groups and psychological distress among United Methodist Church clergy. Sociology of Religion, 74(2), 199–226. https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/srs055. (PMID: 10.1093/socrel/srs055) Naslund, J. A., Aschbrenner, K. A., Marsch, L. A., & Bartels, S. J. (2016). The future of mental health care: Peer-to-peer support and social media. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796015001067. (PMID: 10.1017/S2045796015001067267443094830464) National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). (2019). Mental health by the numbers. Retrieved (Feb 13, 2022) from https://nami.org/mhstats. Parcesepe, A. M., & Cabassa, L. J. (2013). Public stigma of mental illness in the United States: A systematic literature review. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 40(5), 384–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z. (PMID: 10.1007/s10488-012-0430-z22833051) Pescosolido, B. A., Halpern-Manners, A., Luo, L., & Perry, B. (2021). Trends in public stigma of mental illness in the US, 1996–2018. Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open, 4(12), e2140202. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40202. (PMID: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40202) Piper, B. (2015). When pastors doubt. Christianity Today Pastors. Retrieved February 12, 2022, from https://www.christianitytoday.com/pastors/2015/august-online-only/when-pastors-doubt.html. Proeschold-Bell, R. J., & Byassee, J. (2018). Faithful and fractured: Responding to the clergy health crisis (pp. 10–45). Michigan: Baker Academic. Proeschold-Bell, R. J., Miles, A., Toth, M., Adams, C., Smith, B. W., & Toole, D. (2013). Using effort-reward imbalance theory to understand high rates of depression and anxiety among clergy. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 34(6), 439–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-013-0321-4. (PMID: 10.1007/s10935-013-0321-423975208) Rakel, R. E. (1999). Depression. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice, 26(2), 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4543(08)70003-4. (PMID: 10.1016/s0095-4543(08)70003-410318745) Rudolfsson, L., & Milstein, G. (2019). Clergy and mental health clinician collaboration in Sweden: Pilot Survey of COPE. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(8), 805–818. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1666095. (PMID: 10.1080/13674676.2019.1666095) Shrivastava, A., Johnston, M., Bureau, Y. (2012). Stigma of mental illness-1: Clinical reflections. Mens Sana Monographs. 10(1), 70–84. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3353607/. Smith, T. (2007). Job satisfaction in the United States (pp. 1–42). Princeton: Citeseer. Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092–1097. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092. (PMID: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.109216717171) Stata Corp. (2017). Stata Statistical Software: Release 15.0 College Station, TX: StataCorp LP. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2020). 2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health detailed tables. Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://www.samhsa.gov/data/report/2020-nsduh-detailed-tables. Terry, J. D., & Cunningham, C. J. (2020). The sacred and stressed: Testing a model of clergy health. Journal of Religion and Health, 59(3), 1541–1566. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-019-00920-9. (PMID: 10.1007/s10943-019-00920-931583597) Wang, P. S., Berglund, P. A., & Kessler, R. C. (2003). Patterns and correlates of contacting clergy for mental disorders in the United States. Health Services Research, 38(2), 647–673. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.00138. (PMID: 10.1111/1475-6773.00138127855661360908) Wespath Center for Health. (2021). 2021 Clergy Well-Being Survey Highlights. Retrieved February 13, 2022, from https://www.wespath.org/assets/1/7/5754.pdf. |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Anxiety symptoms; Clergy; Depressive symptoms; Emotional distress; Mental health services |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20221212 Date Completed: 20230428 Latest Revision: 20230513 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240829 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC10133353 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10943-022-01699-y |
| PMID: | 36508124 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Find this article in full text from Springer Verlag. 
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1573-6571 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10943-022-01699-y |