دورية أكاديمية
Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database.
| العنوان: | Terrorist Attacks against Concerts and Festivals: A Review of 146 Incidents in the Global Terrorism Database. |
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| المؤلفون: | De Cauwer H; Department of Neurology, Sint-Dimpna Regional Hospital, Geel, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium., Barten DG; Department of Emergency Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands., Tin D; Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts., Mortelmans LJ; Center for Research and Education in Emergency Care, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; REGEDIM, Free University Brussels, Belgium; Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA Camp Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium., Ciottone GR; Director, BIDMC Disaster Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Associate Professor, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Somville F; Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziekenhuis Geel, Geel, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; CREEC (Center for research and education in Emergency Care). University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. |
| المصدر: | Prehospital and disaster medicine [Prehosp Disaster Med] 2022 Dec 21, pp. 1-8. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 21. |
| Publication Model: | Ahead of Print |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8918173 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1945-1938 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 1049023X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Prehosp Disaster Med |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: 2011- : New York : Cambridge University Press Original Publication: [Solana Beach, CA] : Jems Pub. Co., [c1989]- |
| مستخلص: | Background: Mass gatherings are vulnerable to terrorist attacks and are considered soft targets with potential to inflict high numbers of casualties. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize all documented terrorist attacks targeted at concerts and festivals reported to the Global Terrorism Database (GTD) over a 50-year period. Methods: The GTD was searched for all terrorist attacks against concerts and festivals that occurred world-wide from 1970 through 2019. Analyses were performed on temporal factors, location, target type, attack and weapon type, attacker type, and number of casualties or hostages. Ambiguous incidents were excluded if there was doubt about whether they were exclusively acts of terrorism. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate trends over time and differences in attack types. Results: In total, 146 terrorist attacks were identified. In addition to musical concerts, festivals included religious, cultural, community, and food festivals. With 53 incidents, South Asia was the most heavily hit region of the world, followed by the Middle East & North Africa with 25 attacks. Bombings and explosions were the most common attack types. The attacks targeted attendees, pilgrims, politicians, or police/military members who secured the concerts and festivals. Conclusion: This analysis of the GTD, which identified terrorist attacks aimed at concerts and festivals over a 50-year period, demonstrates that the threat is significant, and not only in world regions where terrorism is more prevalent or local conflicts are going on. The findings of this study may help to create or enhance contingency plans. |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Counter-Terrorism Medicine; concerts; festivals; mass gatherings; terrorism |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20221221 Latest Revision: 20240216 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240216 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC9885432 |
| DOI: | 10.1017/S1049023X22002382 |
| PMID: | 36541015 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
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