| المؤلفون: |
Yurkovetskiy L; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115.; These authors contributed equally., Egri S; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; These authors contributed equally., Kurhade C; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA.; These authors contributed equally., Diaz-Salinas MA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; These authors contributed equally., Jaimes JA; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115.; These authors contributed equally., Nyalile T; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115., Xie X; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA., Choudhary MC; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Dauphin A; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115., Li JZ; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115.; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA., Munro JB; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA., Shi PY; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA., Shen K; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115., Luban J; Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness, Boston, MA, 02115.; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.; Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. |
| مستخلص: |
SARS-CoV-2 variants bearing complex combinations of mutations that confer increased transmissibility, COVID-19 severity, and immune escape, were first detected after S:D614G had gone to fixation, and likely originated during persistent infection of immunocompromised hosts. To test the hypothesis that S:D614G facilitated emergence of such variants, S:D614G was reverted to the ancestral sequence in the context of sequential Spike sequences from an immunocompromised individual, and within each of the major SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. In all cases, infectivity of the S:D614G revertants was severely compromised. The infectivity of atypical SARS-CoV-2 lineages that propagated in the absence of S:D614G was found to be dependent upon either S:Q613H or S:H655Y. Notably, Gamma and Omicron variants possess both S:D614G and S:H655Y, each of which contributed to infectivity of these variants. Among sarbecoviruses, S:Q613H, S:D614G, and S:H655Y are only detected in SARS-CoV-2, which is also distinguished by a polybasic S1/S2 cleavage site. Genetic and biochemical experiments here showed that S:Q613H, S:D614G, and S:H655Y each stabilize Spike on virions, and that they are dispensable in the absence of S1/S2 cleavage, consistent with selection of these mutations by the S1/S2 cleavage site. CryoEM revealed that either S:D614G or S:H655Y shift the Spike receptor binding domain (RBD) towards the open conformation required for ACE2-binding and therefore on pathway for infection. Consistent with this, an smFRET reporter for RBD conformation showed that both S:D614G and S:H655Y spontaneously adopt the conformation that ACE2 induces in the parental Spike. Data from these orthogonal experiments demonstrate that S:D614G and S:H655Y are convergent adaptations to the polybasic S1/S2 cleavage site which stabilize S1 on the virion in the open RBD conformation and act epistatically to promote the fitness of variants bearing complex combinations of clinically significant mutations. |
