Expectancy for Adderall influences subjective mood and drug effects regardless of concurrent caffeine ingestion: A randomized controlled trial.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:	Expectancy for Adderall influences subjective mood and drug effects regardless of concurrent caffeine ingestion: A randomized controlled trial.
المؤلفون:	Looby A; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA. alooby@uwyo.edu., Piccorelli AV; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Biostatistics Division, 1730 Minor Avenue, Ste 1600, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA., Zimmerman L; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA., Falco C; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA., Livingston NR; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA., Akin C; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA., Benton S; Department of Psychology, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Ave, Department 3415, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA., Juliano LM; Department of Psychology, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20016, USA.
المصدر:	Psychopharmacology [Psychopharmacology (Berl)] 2024 Jan; Vol. 241 (1), pp. 109-118. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 23.
نوع المنشور:	Randomized Controlled Trial; Journal Article
اللغة:	English
بيانات الدورية:	Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7608025 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-2072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00333158 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychopharmacology (Berl) Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة:	Original Publication: Berlin, New York, Springer-Verlag.
مواضيع طبية MeSH:	Central Nervous System Stimulants*, Humans ; Caffeine/pharmacology ; Amphetamine ; Eating
مستخلص:	Rationale: Nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NPS; use without a prescription or in ways other than prescribed) is common among college students. Despite the potential for negative consequences, students continue engaging in NPS for cognitive enhancement purposes, which may be maintained by expectancy and placebo effects. Objectives: This study examined if a placebo administered under the guise of Adderall influenced subjective mood/drug effects and cognitive performance. Furthermore, this study examined if concurrent caffeine ingestion incrementally enhanced Adderall-related placebo effects. Methods: Undergraduate students with features that put them at elevated risk for NPS (N = 121) completed measures of mood and drug effects and cognitive assessments on two separate laboratory visits in this parallel randomized controlled trial. Visit 1 was a baseline control visit, on which no drug was expected or received. On visit 2, subjects were randomized to: (1) expect/receive no drug (control); (2) expect Adderall/receive placebo; or (3) expect Adderall/receive 200 mg caffeine. Results: There were several significant condition × visit interactions for subjective effects, including amphetamine effects, energy and efficiency effects, and feeling high. In most cases, participants who expected Adderall reported greater positive subjective effects on visit 2 compared to controls; however, there were generally not incremental enhancements for those ingesting caffeine compared to placebo. There were no significant effects for any cognitive tests. Conclusions: Expectation for prescription stimulant effects influenced subjective outcomes in a sample of high-risk college students. These findings may inform expectancy challenge interventions to reduce NPS. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03648684. (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة:	2P20GM103432 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; 2P20GM103432 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS
فهرسة مساهمة:	Keywords: Caffeine; Cognition; College students; Expectancy; Placebo effects; Prescription stimulants
سلسلة جزيئية:	ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03648684
المشرفين على المادة:	0 (Adderall) 0 (Central Nervous System Stimulants) 3G6A5W338E (Caffeine) CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
تواريخ الأحداث:	Date Created: 20230922 Date Completed: 20240109 Latest Revision: 20240109
رمز التحديث:	20240109
DOI:	10.1007/s00213-023-06467-8
PMID:	37740001
قاعدة البيانات:	MEDLINE

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تدمد:	1432-2072
DOI:	10.1007/s00213-023-06467-8