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Trends of Private Drugs' Sales and Costs Incurred by Patients on Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Selected Districts of Jharkhand (2022): Results From Sub-national TB-Free Certification.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Trends of Private Drugs' Sales and Costs Incurred by Patients on Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Selected Districts of Jharkhand (2022): Results From Sub-national TB-Free Certification.
المؤلفون: Sinha R; Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Jamshedpur, IND., Rana RK; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine/Community Medicine, Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital (Erstwhile Patliputra Medical College), Dhanbad, IND., Kujur A; Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND., Jahnavi G; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND., Kumar M; Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND., Venugopal V; Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND., Priya N; Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND., Kujur M; Department of Preventive Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND., Jha RR; Department of Community Medicine, Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital (Erstwhile Patliputra Medical College), Dhanbad, IND., Barnwal R; Department of Community Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur, IND., Nishant N; Department of Community Medicine, Medinirai Medical College, Palamu, IND., Murmu N; Department of Preventive Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND., Pathak R; NTEP Technical Support Network, World Health Organization, Ranchi, IND., T A; NTEP Technical Support Network, World Health Organization, Ranchi, IND., Prasad R; State TB Cell, Health Services, Government of Jharkhand, Ranchi, IND., Dayal R; State TB Cell, Health Services, Government of Jharkhand, Ranchi, IND., Modi B; Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND., Purty AJ; Department of Community Medicine, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Pondicherry, IND., Bn S; Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science & Research (PGIMSR), Bengaluru, IND., Nair D; Department of Clinical Research, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (ICMR-NIRT), Chennai, IND., Kumar D; Department of Community Medicine/Preventive and Social Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, IND.
المصدر: Cureus [Cureus] 2023 Oct 18; Vol. 15 (10), pp. e47296. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 18 (Print Publication: 2023).
نوع المنشور: Journal Article
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Cureus, Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101596737 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2168-8184 (Print) Linking ISSN: 21688184 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cureus Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: Palo Alto, CA : Cureus, Inc.
مستخلص: Background: The government of India is committed to eliminating tuberculosis (TB) by 2025 under the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme which provides free investigations and treatment as well as incentives for nutritional support during their treatment course. Many TB patients prefer to seek treatment from the private sector which sometimes leads to financial constraints for the patients. Our study aims to find the burden of TB patients in the private sector and the expenses borne by them for their treatment.
Methodology: Sales data of rifampicin-containing formulation drug consumption in the private sector of six districts of Jharkhand was collected from Clearing and Forwarding agencies. Based on the drug sales data, the total incurring costs of the drugs, total number of patients, and cost per patient seeking treatment from the private sector were calculated for the year 2015-2021. ANOVA and the post hoc test (Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD)) were applied for analysis.
Results:  There was a marked difference amongst all the districts in relation to all the variables namely total costs, cost per patient, and total private patients seeking treatment from the private sector which was statistically significant (p < 0.001). East Singhbhum had the highest out-of-pocket expense and private patients as compared to all six districts. Lohardaga showed the sharpest decline in total private patients from 2015 to 2021. The average cost borne by private patients in 2015 was INR 1821 (95% CI 1086 - 2556) which decreased to INR 1033 (95% CI 507 - 1559) in 2021.
Conclusion: From the study, it was concluded that the purchase of medicines for TB treatment from the private sector is one of the essential elements in out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) borne by TB patients. Hence, newer initiatives should be explored to foresee the future OOPE borne by the patients and decrease OOPE-induced poverty.
Competing Interests: This article was presented in award category in National IAPSMCON 2023 on 4th February 2023. Our manuscript is available in Research Square entitled as "Trends of private drugs sales and costs incurred by patients on anti-tuberculosis drugs in selected districts of Jharkhand (2022): Results from sub-national TB free certification" with a doi no: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2710806/v1.
(Copyright © 2023, Sinha et al.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة: 001 International WHO_ World Health Organization
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: att drugs; catastrophic expenditure; direct cost; out-of-pocket expenditure; tuberculosis
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20231129 Latest Revision: 20231214
رمز التحديث: 20240829
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC10656432
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47296
PMID: 38021489
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.47296