دورية أكاديمية
Testing for Kratom alkaloids in fingernail clippings - not only mitragynine.
| العنوان: | Testing for Kratom alkaloids in fingernail clippings - not only mitragynine. |
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| المؤلفون: | Ameline A; Institut de médecine légale, Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: ameline.alice@gmail.com., Gheddar L; Institut de médecine légale, Strasbourg, France., Arbouche N; Institut de médecine légale, Strasbourg, France., Blanchot A; Institut de médecine légale, Strasbourg, France., Raul JS; Institut de médecine légale, Strasbourg, France., Kintz P; Institut de médecine légale, Strasbourg, France. |
| المصدر: | Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis [J Pharm Biomed Anal] 2024 Jun 15; Vol. 243, pp. 116078. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 01. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 8309336 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-264X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 07317085 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pharm Biomed Anal Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: <2006->: London : Elsevier Science Original Publication: Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1983- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids*/analysis , Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids*/chemistry , Mitragyna*/chemistry, Nails/chemistry ; Powders ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Plant Extracts/chemistry |
| مستخلص: | Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a species of large tree that grows in Southeast Asia and is part of the Rubiaceae family. Its fresh leaves are harvested for their medicinal properties and used for their psychoactive effects. Kratom contains many biologically active alkaloids, including mitragynine and 7-OH-mitragynine, which are considered the two most important psychoactive components and constitute approximately 66% and 2% of the total alkaloid content. Other alkaloids are present in the plant, such as speciogynine, speciociliatine and paynantheine, but have less psychoactive activity. Over the past decade, the sale of kratom powder has increased on the Internet. This led to a significant increase in forensic cases. Given the lack of data existing in the literature, and the total absence of data in nails, the authors report a study to determine the best target alkaloids for documenting kratom consumption in this matrix. Fingernail clippings from a supposed kratom powder user were analyzed after liquid-liquid extraction, chromatography separation using a HSS C18 column and performed on an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. In the specimen, mitragynine was quantified at 229 pg/mg, speciogynine and paynantheine were both quantified at 2 pg/mg, and speciociliatine was quantified at 19 pg/mg. 7-OH-mitragynine was not detected. The interpretation of these concentrations is complex, since there is currently no reference in the literature, as this is the first identification of mitragynine and other kratom alkaloids in nails. Nevertheless, in view of the high concentration of mitragynine, the subject seems to be a repetitive user of kratom. According to the measured concentrations, it seems that mitragynine remains the best target to document kratom consumption, but the identification of the other alkaloids would enhance the specificity of the test. Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: 7-OH-mitragynine; Alkaloids; Fingernails clipping; Kratom; Mitragynine |
| المشرفين على المادة: | EP479K822J (mitragynine) 0 (Powders) 0 (Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids) 0 (Plant Extracts) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20240315 Date Completed: 20240408 Latest Revision: 20240408 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240408 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116078 |
| PMID: | 38489958 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1873-264X |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116078 |