دورية أكاديمية
Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast.
| العنوان: | Trace metals and nutrient analysis of marine fish species from the Gwadar coast. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Khawar M; Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan., Masood Z; Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan. zubiamasood12@gmail.com., Ul Hasan H; Department of Zoology, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.; Fisheries Development Board, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Karachi, Pakistan., Khan W; Department of Zoology, University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan., De Los Ríos-Escalante PR; Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas Casilla, Universidad Católica de Temuco, 15-D, Temuco, Chile., Aldamigh MA; Department of Biology, College of Science in Zulfi, Majmaah University, 11952, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia., Al-Sowayan NS; Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia., Razzaq W; Department of Zoology, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan., Khan T; Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan., Said MB; Laboratory of Microbiology, National School of Veterinary Medicine of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia.; Department of Basic Sciences, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, 2010, Manouba, Tunisia. |
| المصدر: | Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2024 Mar 19; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 6548. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 Mar 19. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Trace Elements*/analysis , Metals, Heavy*/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis, Humans ; Animals ; Copper/analysis ; Aluminum/analysis ; Calcium/analysis ; Titanium/analysis ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Monitoring ; Zinc/analysis ; Iron/analysis ; Risk Assessment ; Sodium/analysis ; Potassium/analysis ; Lipids ; Fishes/metabolism |
| مستخلص: | Trace metals are naturally occurring metals found in very small concentrations in the environment. In the context of fish flesh, metals such as copper, calcium, potassium, sodium, zinc, iron, and manganese are absorbed by fish and play vital roles in various physiological functions. However, if these metals exceed the recommended limits set by WHO/FAO, they are termed 'toxic metals' due to their harmful impacts on both the fish and its consumers. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the levels of protein, lipids, and certain metals-Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) in three commercially important marine fishes i.e. Rastrelliger kanagurta, Sardinella abella, and Otolithes ruber. The study also aims to assess their potential impact on human health. The macro-Kjeldhal method and Soxhlet apparatus were used to estimate protein and lipid contents, while atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to estimate trace metals found in fishes. The study found that these fish species are valuable sources of protein, lipids, and certain essential minerals. The protein content (CP) in these three species ranged from 63.35 to 86.57%, while lipid content was from 21.05 to 23.86%. The overall results of the trace metal concentrations analyzed in the present study revealed that Aluminum (Al), Sodium (Na), Zinc (Zn), Titanium (Ti), Copper (Cu), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca) were found in low concentration or traces and also within suitable ranges as set by WHO/FAO. However, Iron (Fe) was absent in all three species. Moreover, both copper and potassium were found in all three species, while Zinc was present in Rastrelliger kanagurta and Sardinella abella, calcium in Sardinella abella, and sodium in Otolithes ruber only. Titanium was recorded for the first time in S. abella. However, the total health risk assessment associated with these fish food consumption was measured by THQ and TTHQ and found to be less than 1, which shows no potential risk related to trace metals found in these fishes on human health upon their consumption. In conclusion, these commercially important marine fish species were found valuable sources of protein, lipids, and essential trace minerals that are necessary for human health. Thus, the current study provides useful information for the local population to make informed decisions about their daily diets and highlights the importance of sustainable fishing practices to maintain these valuable marine resources by periodical monitoring of their ecosystem. (© 2024. The Author(s).) |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Gwadar coast; High-quality proteins; Lipids; Marine fishes; Nutrient analysis; Sustainable fishing practices; Trace metals |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Trace Elements) 789U1901C5 (Copper) 0 (Metals, Heavy) CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum) SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) D1JT611TNE (Titanium) J41CSQ7QDS (Zinc) E1UOL152H7 (Iron) 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium) RWP5GA015D (Potassium) 0 (Lipids) 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20240320 Date Completed: 20240321 Latest Revision: 20240323 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240323 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC10951226 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41598-024-57335-0 |
| PMID: | 38503859 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
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