دورية أكاديمية
Sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an arid, urban, wastewater-dominated watershed.
| العنوان: | Sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in an arid, urban, wastewater-dominated watershed. |
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| المؤلفون: | Thompson KA; Water Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA; Carollo Engineers, Inc., Austin, TX, USA., Ray H; Water Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA., Gerrity D; Water Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA., Quiñones O; Water Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA., Dano E; Water Resources, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, NV, USA., Prieur J; Water Resources, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Las Vegas, NV, USA., Vanderford B; Water Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA., Steinle-Darling E; Carollo Engineers, Inc., Austin, TX, USA., Dickenson ERV; Water Quality Research and Development, Southern Nevada Water Authority, Henderson, NV, USA. Electronic address: eric.dickenson@snwa.com. |
| المصدر: | The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2024 Aug 25; Vol. 940, pp. 173361. Date of Electronic Publication: 2024 May 20. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0330500 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-1026 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00489697 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Total Environ Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE; MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Amsterdam, Elsevier. |
| مستخلص: | Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) enter surface waters from various sources such as wastewater treatment plants, fire-fighting sites, and PFAS-producing and PFAS-using industries. The Las Vegas Wash in Southern Nevada of the United States (U.S.) conveys wastewater effluent from the Las Vegas metropolitan area to Lake Mead, a drinking water source for millions of people in the U.S. Southwest. PFAS have previously been detected in the Las Vegas Wash, but PFAS sources were not identified. In this study, upstream wash tributaries, wastewater treatment effluents, and shallow groundwater wells were sampled in multiple campaigns during dry-weather conditions to investigate possible PFAS sources. Out of 19 PFAS, two short-chain PFAS-perfluoropentanoic acid (48 % of the total molar concentration) and perfluorohexanoic acid (32 %)-comprised the majority of PFAS loading measured in the Las Vegas Wash, followed by perfluorooctanoic acid (9 %). On a mass loading basis, the majority of total measured PFAS (approximately 90 %) and at least 48 % of each specific PFAS in the Las Vegas Wash likely entered via municipal wastewater effluents, of which the main source was likely residential wastewater. One of the drainage areas with a major civilian airport was identified as a potential source of relatively enriched perfluorosulfonic acids to a small wash tributary and shallow groundwater samples. Nonetheless, that tributary contributed at most 15 % of any specific PFAS to the mainstem of the Las Vegas Wash. Total PFAS concentrations were relatively low for the small tributary associated with an urban smaller airport and the lack of flow in the tributary channel immediately downgradient of an Air Force base indicates the smaller airport and base were unlikely significant PFAS sources to the Las Vegas Wash. Overall, this study demonstrated effective PFAS source investigation methodology and the importance of wastewater effluent as a PFAS environmental pathway. Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Airport; Mass balance; PFOA; PFOS; Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; Wastewater effluent |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20240522 Latest Revision: 20240615 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240616 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173361 |
| PMID: | 38777060 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1879-1026 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173361 |