| Abstract (English): |
Egyptian rural women have played critical and diverse roles in agricultural and non-agricultural activities in the rural economy whether inside or outside of their households which contribute directly or indirectly in achieving economic and social security for their families. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature and extent of participation of rural women in various economic agricultural (animals and plants production) and nonagricultural (petty trade) activities. Furthermore to classify levels of women economic contributions and levels of economic status of their families. Finally, to identify the most important factors affecting women participation. To achieve the study objectives a systematic random sample of 100 rural households from “Manshaet Dahshour" village- El-Badrashen District, Giza Governorate were selected. The data was collected using personal interviews during September and October 2016 from housewives who work outside or inside of these households. Field data was gathered using structured questionnaires in which the Reliability coefficient (Alpha Crunbach) was (0.812). The data was analyzed by using tabular and statistical methods such as range, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression model using SPSS program. The findings of the study showed the increase in the economic contribution of women respondents in low income families from working in non-agricultural activities compared to the agricultural activities. The study revealed that women participation in the agricultural activities focused on “poultry raising and care”, ”harvesting”, ”participation in post harvesting activities such as sorting, staging, packing and marketing” , “milk and dairy products” and “cleaning animal sheds”. It was clear that the Participation Index reached its maximum (171) in “poultry raising and care” and reached its minimum (12) in “chemical fertilization”. Concerning the participation of women respondents in the non-agricultural activities “petty trade”,” paid work for others”,” sewing” in which the Participation Index reached (110), (45),(16) respectively. In regards to the economic and social factors affecting the level of respondents’ participation in both agricultural and non-agricultural activities. The analysis of the data using Step-wise Regression analysis showed that the Determination Coefficient was (0.419). This result means that five factors out of all independent factors explain (41.9%) from the total variance in the participation levels of the study sample in both agricultural and nonagricultural activities, which were as follows: family monthly income, women recognition for her social status, educational level of husbands, number of animal units, total number of children.Egyptian rural women have played critical and diverse roles in agricultural and non-agricultural activities in the rural economy whether inside or outside of their households which contribute directly or indirectly in achieving economic and social security for their families. The present study was undertaken to determine the nature and extent of participation of rural women in various economic agricultural (animals and plants production) and nonagricultural (petty trade) activities. Furthermore to classify levels of women economic contributions and levels of economic status of their families. Finally, to identify the most important factors affecting women participation. To achieve the study objectives a systematic random sample of 100 rural households from “Manshaet Dahshour" village- El-Badrashen District, Giza Governorate were selected. The data was collected using personal interviews during September and October 2016 from housewives who work outside or inside of these households. Field data was gathered using structured questionnaires in which the Reliability coefficient (Alpha Crunbach) was (0.812). The data was analyzed by using tabular and statistical methods such as range, mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression model using SPSS program. The findings of the study showed the increase in the economic contribution of women respondents in low income families from working in non-agricultural activities compared to the agricultural activities. The study revealed that women participation in the agricultural activities focused on “poultry raising and care”, ”harvesting”, ”participation in post harvesting activities such as sorting, staging, packing and marketing” , “milk and dairy products” and “cleaning animal sheds”. It was clear that the Participation Index reached its maximum (171) in “poultry raising and care” and reached its minimum (12) in “chemical fertilization”. Concerning the participation of women respondents in the non-agricultural activities “petty trade”,” paid work for others”,” sewing” in which the Participation Index reached (110), (45),(16) respectively. In regards to the economic and social factors affecting the level of respondents’ participation in both agricultural and non-agricultural activities. The analysis of the data using Step-wise Regression analysis showed that the Determination Coefficient was (0.419). This result means that five factors out of all independent factors explain (41.9%) from the total variance in the participation levels of the study sample in both agricultural and nonagricultural activities, which were as follows: family monthly income, women recognition for her social status, educational level of husbands, number of animal units, total number of children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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