| Abstract (English): |
This study deals with some models of hadiths that were flawed due to their different texts with the union of their director, and the researcher have chosen three models from Ibn Abi Hatim’s Book of 'Al-Elal' (the Defects) from the chapter of purity, and dealt with them through investigation and analysis, using the words of the people of this art and their methods in explaining the hadiths. The aim of this study is to highlight the accurate method of scholars in accepting the hadith and judging its text and the chain of narrators from the prophet, and how they do not confine themselves in explaining the defects of hadiths away from the chain of transmission without the text. The research has shown that the expert of hadith justify the hadith texts and give preference to some of them over others, and they require a defect for this in the chain of transmission. They attribute the error to those who are worthy of the narrators even if he is trustworthy. Yet, trustworthy narrator may err, so it has become clear to us that the critical approach of the Imams of defects is inclusive of chains of narrators and texts, not as the orientalists and those who imitated them among the ignorant Muslims claimed that the hadith scholars did not pay attention to the criticism of texts of hadiths. The researcher has explained in this study the meanings of his vocabulary and what is related to the linguistic and terminological roots, and mentioned applied models of the defects of the texts. The researcher identified the core of the problem, depicted the dispute over the text, and the aspects of narration came out according to the needs of the hadith's later transmission. This study has investigated the transmission the aspects of the dispute. Then investigating the dispute according to the clues, whether in terms of combining aspects, or balancing them. Then it judged the narratives from the most correct opinion, and mentioned applied models of the care of the Imams of modern criticism of Hadith over the defects of the texts, headed by Abu Hatem Al-Razi and his son Abdul Rahman and Abu Zur’ah Al-Razi, through the book of Defects by Ibn Abi Hatem. Finally, the research has been finalized with a conclusion and an index of the most important sources and references . The study has concluded that the science of Defects is one of the most accurate and obscure sciences of hadith, and the one who works in it cannot reach results that are closer to the truth, except by exerting the effort to collect the data from the various sources. This requires the presence of the largest amount of the printed and manuscript sources of the Sunna for the researcher. Moreover, there is an urgent need to analyze the scholars' opinions and the conditions of the narrators of hadith in terms of discrediting and rehabilitating. One should be alert to some hidden matters, such as the narrator being trustworthy for some Sheikhs of hadith, or one mostly attached to them. The errors in the text of the chain of narrators are more than the errors in the texts. This is because the chains of narrators are similar and intertwined, unlike texts. The Imams’ reasoning for the narrating is mostly based on abbreviation, brevity, and referring; so they say for example that 'the correct narration is the narration of so-and –so' or 'the narration of that one is likely', without stating the reasons that encouraged them to say so. This is because their address is mostly addressed to people who understand the science of Hadith and the hidden defects. Accordingly, they understand the topic the moment they had a clue the Imam in Hadith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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