دورية أكاديمية
Proper use of rice straw black liquor: lignin/silica derivatives as efficient green antioxidants for SBR rubber.
العنوان: | Proper use of rice straw black liquor: lignin/silica derivatives as efficient green antioxidants for SBR rubber. |
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المؤلفون: | Zaher, Khlood S. Abdel, Swellem, R.H., Nawwar, Galal A.M., Abdelrazek, Fathy M., El-Sabbagh, Salwa H. |
المصدر: | Pigment & Resin Technology; 2014, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p159-174, 16p |
مصطلحات موضوعية: | RICE straw, SULFATE waste liquor, ANTIOXIDANTS, STYRENE-butadiene rubber, LIGNINS |
مستخلص: | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the efficiency of lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate as natural antioxidants in styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) vulcanizates. Design/methodology/approach – It has been found that thermal aging data of the aged sample revealed that SBR vulcanizate undergoes crosslink reactions that lead to embrittlement and ultimately failure. Incorporation of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate, however, resulted in significant improvement of the degradation profile of the vulcanizates at 90±1°C. Loss of tensile strength and flexibility during aging of the SBR compounds with 8 phr lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate was mild relative to unfilled polymer, indicating a restricted degradation due to the presence of the investigated compounds. The results obtained revealed that the investigated compounds are good antioxidant, and the evaluation was confirmed by physico-mechanical properties of the vulcanizates, FT-IR spectroscopy, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscope. Findings – It was noticed that SBR vulcanizates having 8 phr of lignin/silica or calcium lignate/calcium silicate exhibited the best mechanical properties in comparison with other concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 phr). Also, results revealed that the lignin/silica derivatives are efficient antioxidants in SBR vulcanizates compared to vulcanizates containing conventional antioxidants used in rubber industry, namely polymerized 2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline (TMQ), and N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-P-phenylenediamine (IPPD). Research limitations/implications – All these results indicated that lignin/silica and calcium lignate/calcium silicate in SBR had good heat resistance and aging resistance, calcium lignate/calcium silicate has an application limitation as not all vulcanizates need to use CaCO |
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قاعدة البيانات: | Complementary Index |
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