Environmental stress is the foremost limiting factor for agricultural productivity. It is essential to alleviate the distress caused by environmental and edaphic conditions in plants, failing to which would affect their growth, development, and productivity. Microorganisms have enormous metabolic capabilities to lessen the environmental stress and their interactions with plants provide a local and systemic defense under various biotic and abiotic stresses. Due to an increase in adverse external conditions, it is imperative to study plant–microbe relationships at the physiological and molecular level to provide deeper insights into the stress-mitigating mechanisms.
