Investigating the potential of radar interferometry for monitoring rural artisanal cobalt mines in the democratic republic of the congo
| العنوان: | Investigating the potential of radar interferometry for monitoring rural artisanal cobalt mines in the democratic republic of the congo |
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| المؤلفون: | Chloe Brown, Giles M. Foody, Anna Daniels, Andrew Sowter, Siddharth Kara, Doreen S. Boyd |
| المصدر: | Sustainability Volume 12 Issue 23 Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 9834, p 9834 (2020) |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Intermittent Small BAaseline Subset (ISBAS), media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, 0211 other engineering and technologies, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Standard deviation, law.invention, InSAR, law, Interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GE1-350, Radar, Baseline (configuration management), surface motion, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Data collection, Environmental effects of industries and plants, business.industry, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Significant difference, Environmental resource management, Copperbelt, Building and Construction, cobalt, Child labour, Democracy, sustainable mining, Environmental sciences, Environmental science, Sentinel-1, Beacon - Rights Lab, business |
| الوصف: | Greater awareness of the serious human rights abuses associated with the extraction and trade of cobalt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has applied increasing pressure for businesses to move towards more responsible and sustainable mineral sourcing. Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) activities in rural and remote locations may provide heightened opportunities to conceal the alleged human rights violations associated with mining, such as: hazardous working conditions, health impacts, child labour, child trafficking, and debt bondage. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of the Intermittent Small Baseline Subset (ISBAS) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method, teamed with high temporal frequency Sentinel-1 imagery, for monitoring ASM activity in rural locations of the &ldquo Copperbelt&rdquo the DRC. The results show that the ISBAS descriptive variables (mean, standard deviation, minimum, and maximum) were significantly different (p-value = &le 0.05) between mining and non-mining areas. Additionally, a significant difference was found for the ISBAS descriptive variables mean, standard deviation, and minimum between the different mine types (industrial, surface, and tunnels). As expected, a high level of subsidence (i.e., negative ISBAS pixel value) was a clear indicator of mine activity. Trial activity thresholds were set for the descriptive variables mean (-2.43 mm/yr) and minimum (-5.36 mm/yr) to explore an ISBAS approach to active mine identification. The study concluded that the ISBAS method has great potential as a monitoring tool for ASM, with the ability to separate mining and non-mining areas based on surface motion values, and further distinguish the different mine types (industrial, surface, and tunnel). Ground data collection and further development of ISBAS analysis needs to be made to fully understand the value of an ISBAS-based ASM monitoring system. In particular, surrounding the impact of seasonality relative to longer-term trends in ASM activity. |
| وصف الملف: | |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2071-1050 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0a05671f6e9f6cbbff6122e0596bdcb1 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....0a05671f6e9f6cbbff6122e0596bdcb1 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 20711050 |
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