Frog Skin Innate Immune Defences: Sensing and Surviving Pathogens
| العنوان: | Frog Skin Innate Immune Defences: Sensing and Surviving Pathogens |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Maxwell P. Bui-Marinos, Joseph F. A. Varga, Barbara A. Katzenback |
| المصدر: | Frontiers in Immunology, Vol 9 (2019) Frontiers in Immunology |
| بيانات النشر: | Frontiers Media S.A., 2019. |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, Amphibian, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Immunology, Antimicrobial peptides, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Review, Disease, Amphibians, Decline in amphibian populations, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Skin Physiological Phenomena, biology.animal, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, Disease Resistance, Skin, skin immunology, Mucous Membrane, Innate immune system, anuran, Bacteria, biology, integumentary system, Microbiota, mucosal tissue, Pattern recognition receptor, Immunity, Innate, epithelial cells, Cell biology, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), 030104 developmental biology, Receptors, Pattern Recognition, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Viruses, skin microbiome, amphibian, Anura, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), lcsh:RC581-607, Frog Skin, Function (biology), Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides, 030215 immunology |
| الوصف: | Amphibian skin is a mucosal surface in direct and continuous contact with a microbially diverse and laden aquatic and/or terrestrial environment. As such, frog skin is an important innate immune organ and first line of defence against pathogens in the environment. Critical to the innate immune functions of frog skin are the maintenance of physical, chemical, cellular, and microbiological barriers and the complex network of interactions that occur across all the barriers. Despite the global decline in amphibian populations, largely as a result of emerging infectious diseases, we understand little regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the innate immune function of amphibian skin and defence against pathogens. In this review, we discuss the structure, cell composition and cellular junctions that contribute to the skin physical barrier, the antimicrobial peptide arsenal that, in part, comprises the chemical barrier, the pattern recognition receptors involved in recognizing pathogens and initiating innate immune responses in the skin, and the contribution of commensal microbes on the skin to pathogen defence. We briefly discuss the influence of environmental abiotic factors (natural and anthropogenic) and pathogens on the immunocompetency of frog skin defences. Although some aspects of frog innate immunity, such as antimicrobial peptides are well-studied; other components and how they contribute to the skin innate immune barrier, are lacking. Elucidating the complex network of interactions occurring at the interface of the frog's external and internal environments will yield insight into the crucial role amphibian skin plays in host defence and the environmental factors leading to compromised barrier integrity, disease, and host mortality. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1664-3224 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::12c605c2e423779892a08c9d0acc0511 https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03128/full |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....12c605c2e423779892a08c9d0acc0511 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
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