Innate Immunity against Cryptococcus, from Recognition to Elimination
| العنوان: | Innate Immunity against Cryptococcus, from Recognition to Elimination |
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| المؤلفون: | Floyd L. Wormley, Althea Campuzano |
| المصدر: | Journal of Fungi, Vol 4, Iss 1, p 33 (2018) Journal of Fungi |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), Phagocyte, Cryptococcus, Review, Plant Science, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Cryptococcus gattii, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cryptococcus neoformans, Innate immune system, biology, Pattern recognition receptor, Cryptococcus deneoformans, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, NOD-like receptors (NLRs), 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), lcsh:Biology (General), Cryptococcosis, innate immune response, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), host–pathogen interactions, 030215 immunology |
| الوصف: | Cryptococcus species, the etiological agents of cryptococcosis, are encapsulated fungal yeasts that predominantly cause disease in immunocompromised individuals, and are responsible for 15% of AIDS-related deaths worldwide. Exposure follows the inhalation of the yeast into the lung alveoli, making it incumbent upon the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of pulmonary phagocytes to recognize highly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) of fungi. The main challenges impeding the ability of pulmonary phagocytes to effectively recognize Cryptococcus include the presence of the yeast’s large polysaccharide capsule, as well as other cryptococcal virulence factors that mask fungal PAMPs and help Cryptococcus evade detection and subsequent activation of the immune system. This review will highlight key phagocyte cell populations and the arsenal of PRRs present on these cells, such as the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors, NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and soluble receptors. Additionally, we will highlight critical cryptococcal PAMPs involved in the recognition of Cryptococcus. The question remains as to which PRR–ligand interaction is necessary for the recognition, phagocytosis, and subsequent killing of Cryptococcus. |
| تدمد: | 2309-608X |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::512e36e5efcc733829f914e153f3a2ef https://doi.org/10.3390/jof4010033 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....512e36e5efcc733829f914e153f3a2ef |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 2309608X |
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