Electrochemical reduction of azo dyes mimicking their biotransformation to more toxic products
| العنوان: | Electrochemical reduction of azo dyes mimicking their biotransformation to more toxic products |
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| المؤلفون: | Konrad Pietruk, Małgorzata Olejnik, Marta Piątkowska |
| المصدر: | Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 63, Iss 3, Pp 433-438 (2019) Journal of Veterinary Research |
| بيانات النشر: | Sciendo, 2019. |
| سنة النشر: | 2019 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Sudan I, azo dyes, Sudan IV, Formic acid, Veterinary medicine, 02 engineering and technology, replacement, 01 natural sciences, Sudan III, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aniline, Biotransformation, Sudan II, parasitic diseases, SF600-1100, Organic chemistry, biomimetics, General Veterinary, 010401 analytical chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3r, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, red-ox, Para Red, 0210 nano-technology, Research Article |
| الوصف: | Introduction Some azo dyes, including Sudans I–IV and Para Red, are genotoxic and may be biotransformed to cancerogenic aromatic amines. They are banned as food and feed additives, but their presence has been detected in food. Aromatic amines are also considered potentially toxic. Online EC–MS is a promising tool to study the transformation mechanisms of xenobiotics such as azo dyes. The aim of the study was to investigate emulation of how azo dyes are enzymatically transformed to amines with EC–MS. Material and Methods The reduction reactions of five azo dyes (Sudans I–IV and Para Red) were conducted using a glassy carbon working electrode and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile. Reduction results were compared with the literature and in silico to select preliminary candidates for metabolites. The LC-MS/MS method was used to confirm results obtained by electrochemical reactor. Results A limited number of pre-selected compounds were confirmed as azo dyes metabolites – aniline for Sudan I, aniline and 4-aminoazobenzene for Sudan III, o-toluidine for Sudan IV, and 4-nitroaniline for Para Red. No metabolites were found for Sudan II. Conclusions Electrochemistry–mass spectrometry was successfully applied to azo dyes. This approach may be used to mimic the metabolism of azo dyes, and therefore predict products of biotransformation. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2450-8608 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::868e2ab44dd80ba0f787507a89bc8517 https://doaj.org/article/26c2cd1fd09d453282807cfe1630cec4 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....868e2ab44dd80ba0f787507a89bc8517 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 24508608 |
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