The essential oil of the roots of Alpinia chinensis Rosc. of Vietnamese origin has been analyzed by a combination of high resolution GC and GC/MS. Nineteen components, representing about 70% of the oil, have been identified. Most of them are sesquiterpenes such as β-caryophyllene (5.2%), α-humulene (6.2%), γ-selinene (8.6%), valencene (5.2%), β-bisabolene (10.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (13.2%).