Effectiveness of tests to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, to inform COVID-19 diagnosis: a rapid systematic review
| العنوان: | Effectiveness of tests to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, and antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, to inform COVID-19 diagnosis: a rapid systematic review |
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| المؤلفون: | David Jarrom, Kimberley Cann, Jennifer Washington, Matthew Prettyjohns, Peter Groves, Lauren Elston, Susan Myles |
| المصدر: | BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine |
| بيانات النشر: | BMJ, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Evidence-based practice, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), 030106 microbiology, Antibodies, Viral, Asymptomatic, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, COVID-19 Testing, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, biology, Respiratory tract infections, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Health services research, COVID-19, General Medicine, Test (assessment), biology.protein, medicine.symptom, Antibody, business |
| الوصف: | ObjectivesWe undertook a rapid systematic review with the aim of identifying evidence that could be used to answer the following research questions: (1) What is the clinical effectiveness of tests that detect the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to inform COVID-19 diagnosis? (2) What is the clinical effectiveness of tests that detect the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus to inform COVID-19 diagnosis?Design and settingSystematic review and meta-analysis of studies of diagnostic test accuracy. We systematically searched for all published evidence on the effectiveness of tests for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus, or antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, up to 4 May 2020, and assessed relevant studies for risks of bias using the QUADAS-2 framework.Main outcome measuresMeasures of diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive/negative predictive value) were the main outcomes of interest. We also included studies that reported influence of testing on subsequent patient management, and that reported virus/antibody detection rates where these facilitated comparisons of testing in different settings, different populations or using different sampling methods.Results38 studies on SARS-CoV-2 virus testing and 25 studies on SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing were identified. We identified high or unclear risks of bias in the majority of studies, most commonly as a result of unclear methods of patient selection and test conduct, or because of the use of a reference standard that may not definitively diagnose COVID-19. The majority were in hospital settings, in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. Pooled analysis of 16 studies (3818 patients) estimated a sensitivity of 87.8% (95% CI 81.5% to 92.2%) for an initial reverse-transcriptase PCR test. For antibody tests, 10 studies reported diagnostic accuracy outcomes: sensitivity ranged from 18.4% to 96.1% and specificity 88.9% to 100%. However, the lack of a true reference standard for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis makes it challenging to assess the true diagnostic accuracy of these tests. Eighteen studies reporting different sampling methods suggest that for virus tests, the type of sample obtained/type of tissue sampled could influence test accuracy. Finally, we searched for, but did not identify, any evidence on how any test influences subsequent patient management.ConclusionsEvidence is rapidly emerging on the effectiveness of tests for COVID-19 diagnosis and management, but important uncertainties about their effectiveness and most appropriate application remain. Estimates of diagnostic accuracy should be interpreted bearing in mind the absence of a definitive reference standard to diagnose or rule out COVID-19 infection. More evidence is needed about the effectiveness of testing outside of hospital settings and in mild or asymptomatic cases. Implementation of public health strategies centred on COVID-19 testing provides opportunities to explore these important areas of research. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 2515-4478 2515-446X |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111511 |
| URL الوصول: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ee3e1a614ebbc61a318ed0536502ab92 |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsair.doi.dedup.....ee3e1a614ebbc61a318ed0536502ab92 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 25154478 2515446X |
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| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111511 |