This research delineates the unique attributes of the industry-university-research collaboration network, formulating an innovation network specifically designed for engineering disciplines predicated on university-industry partnerships. It introduces a set of measurement indices aimed at evaluating the structural properties of this network. To address the prevalent dissatisfaction within conventional collaborative network decision-making scenarios, this study proposes a theoretical framework comprised of “baseline,” “target,” and “status quo” strategies. This framework systematically standardizes attribute values and constructs a decision-maker satisfaction function. Utilizing this function, the study identifies the optimal solution by ranking the satisfaction levels associated with various alternatives within the cooperative innovation network. Further, this paper examines the characteristics and evolutionary trends of the regional network structure of industry-university-research cooperation in the context of 5G technology, encompassing engineering departments, educational institutions, and corporate entities. It also analyzes the optimization outcomes of six preferred linkage types within the engineering majors’ university-enterprise industry-university-research innovation network under a scenario of enhanced network relationships. By comparing the weighted degree distributions between the optimally optimized network and the actual network and employing the entropy value method along with the TOPSIS method, the study evaluates the disparities in network structures between the two scenarios and identifies the optimal connection paths. The comprehensive score of the optimization effect of university-enterprise-industry-university-research cooperation and innovation network structure of engineering majors in the context of network relationship strengthening is ranked as Q3 > Q5 > Q6 > Q2 > Q4 > Q1, and the comprehensive score of the strong-weak connection type is the highest at 0.6774. That is, maintaining the connecting edges between “strong enterprise” nodes and “weak enterprise” nodes in the industry-university-research cooperation and innovation network has the best effect on the optimization of university-enterprise industry-university-research cooperation and innovation network for engineering majors.
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