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Exposure to Enriched Environment Decreases Neurobehavioral Deficits Induced by Neonatal Glutamate Toxicity

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Exposure to Enriched Environment Decreases Neurobehavioral Deficits Induced by Neonatal Glutamate Toxicity
المؤلفون: Peter Kiss, Jozsef Farkas, Gyongyver Vadasz, Dora Reglodi, Gabor Horvath
المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 9, Pp 19054-19066 (2013)
بيانات النشر: MDPI AG, 2013.
سنة النشر: 2013
المجموعة: LCC:Biology (General)
LCC:Chemistry
مصطلحات موضوعية: MSG, neurotoxicity, enriched environment, reflex development, motor coordination, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
الوصف: Environmental enrichment is a popular strategy to enhance motor and cognitive performance and to counteract the effects of various harmful stimuli. The protective effects of enriched environment have been shown in traumatic, ischemic and toxic nervous system lesions. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a commonly used taste enhancer causing excitotoxic effects when given in newborn animals. We have previously demonstrated that MSG leads to a delay in neurobehavioral development, as shown by the delayed appearance of neurological reflexes and maturation of motor coordination. In the present study we aimed at investigating whether environmental enrichment is able to decrease the neurobehavioral delay caused by neonatal MSG treatment. Newborn pups were treated with MSG subcutaneously on postnatal days 1, 5 and 9. For environmental enrichment, we placed rats in larger cages, supplemented with different toys that were altered daily. Normal control and enriched control rats received saline treatment only. Physical parameters such as weight, day of eye opening, incisor eruption and ear unfolding were recorded. Animals were observed for appearance of reflexes such as negative geotaxis, righting reflexes, fore- and hindlimb grasp, fore- and hindlimb placing, sensory reflexes and gait. In cases of negative geotaxis, surface righting and gait, the time to perform the reflex was also recorded daily. For examining motor coordination, we performed grid walking, footfault, rope suspension, rota-rod, inclined board and walk initiation tests. We found that enriched environment alone did not lead to marked alterations in the course of development. On the other hand, MSG treatment caused a slight delay in reflex development and a pronounced delay in weight gain and motor coordination maturation. This delay in most signs and tests could be reversed by enriched environment: MSG-treated pups kept under enriched conditions showed no weight retardation, no reflex delay in some signs and performed better in most coordination tests. These results show that environmental enrichment is able to decrease the neurobehavioral delay caused by neonatal excitotoxicity.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 1422-0067
Relation: http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/14/9/19054; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms140919054
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/0faf337bdd4c448684c1851aea9adb91
رقم الأكسشن: edsdoj.0faf337bdd4c448684c1851aea9adb91
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:14220067
DOI:10.3390/ijms140919054