Objective: To examine whether exposure of mouse neuronal cells to radiofrequency fields used in mobile communication devices can induce stress in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and activate unfolded protein response (UPR). Methods: HT22 mouse hippocampus neuronal cells were exposed to continuous wave 900 MHz radiofrequency fields (RF) at 120 μW/cm2 power intensity for 4 h/d for 5 consecutive days. The positive control cells were irradiated with 4 Gy of 60Co γ-rays at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min (GR). Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, cells were collected, and the expressions of sensor transmembrane proteins were detected using Western blot analysis. Results: The expression levels of Ire1, PERK, p-IRE1 and p-PERK, GRP78 and CHOP proteins were detected. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression levels of IRE1 and PERK proteins in control (CT), sham(SH)-, RF- and GR-exposed cells (P
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