Objective: This study aims to evaluate the surgical morbidity and obstetric outcomes following in-pregnancy or pre-pregnancy laparoscopic abdominal cerclage (LAC) for patients who were diagnosed with refractory cervical insufficiency or had a short cervix. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients undergoing LAC between May 2017 and May 2019 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital. The patients were diagnosed with refractory cervical insufficiency based upon a previous failed transvaginal cervical cerclage (TVC), or had a short cervix who were considered unsuitable for a TVC after a previous cervical procedure. All patients were followed-up after surgery with transperineal ultrasonography until May 2020. Subsequently, surgical and obstetric data were collected and analyzed. Results: In total, 44 patients underwent LAC, with 8 patients in-pregnancy and 36 pre-pregnancy. For the patient with pre-pregancy LAC, the pregnancy rate was 80.6% (29/36), including 3 patients with first-trimester loss, 1 patient with an ectopic pregnancy, and 25 patients with a delivery. For the remaining 7 patients, 3 did not conceive, and another 4 had no pregnancy plans. All the patients with in-pregnancy LAC had a delivery. The “take-home baby” rate was 89.2% (33/37), with a live-birth rate of 100% and a neonatal survival rate of 100% for both patients with in-pregnancy and pre-pregnancy LAC. For patients with in-pregnancy LAC, 75.0% (6/8) patients delivered at ≥37 wk of gestation, 12.5% (1/8) delivered between 34 and 36+6 wk, and 12.5% (1/8) delivered between 28 and 33+6 wk. For patients with pre-pregnancy LAC, 80.0% (20/25) patients delivered at ≥37 wk of gestation, 16.0% (4/25) delivered between 34 and 36+6 wk, and 4.0% (1/25) delivered between 28 and 33+6 wk. No adverse-event intra-operative or post-operative sequelae were noted. Conclusions: LAC is an effective and safe procedure that results in remarkable obstetric outcomes for women with refractory cervical insufficiency, or with a short cervix who are considered unsuitable for a TVC. The success rate of in-pregnancy or pre-pregnancy LAC depends on a full evaluation of patients, a proper peri-operative management and close follow-up.
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