During the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) Phase I operations, 78 hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) were discovered in less than 3 yr, constituting the largest sample from a single survey. This paper (Paper I) presents the data, including the optical/UV light curves and classification spectra, while Paper II in this series will focus on the detailed analysis of the light curves and modeling. Our photometry is primarily taken by ZTF in the g , r , and i bands, and with additional data from other ground-based facilities and Swift. The events of our sample cover a redshift range of z = 0.06 − 0.67, with a median and 1 σ error (16% and 84% percentiles) of ${z}_{\mathrm{med}}={0.265}_{-0.135}^{+0.143}$ . The peak luminosity covers −22.8 mag ≤ M _g _,peak ≤ −19.8 mag, with a median value of $-{21.48}_{-0.61}^{+1.13}$ mag. The light curves evolve slowly with a mean rest-frame rise time of t _rise = 41.9 ± 17.8 days. The luminosity and timescale distributions suggest that low-luminosity SLSNe-I with a peak luminosity ∼−20 mag or extremely fast-rising events (
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