Background: The prevalence and risk factors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke in Northern Vietnam are not well understood. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with AF in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 2038 consecutive patients with TIA or ischemic stroke admitted to Bach Mai Hospital. AF was diagnosed using an electrocardiogram or Holter monitor. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between AF and risk factors. Results: Among the patients, 18.1% (95% CI: 16.46 to 19.85) had AF. Older age, renal dysfunction, valvular heart disease (VHD), and low ejection fraction were significantly associated with AF. Advanced age (per 10 years) (adjusted OR, aOR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.57), estimated glomerular filtration ratio decrease (per 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) (aOR 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.17), VHD (aOR 9.59; 95% CI, 7.10 to 12.95), and low ejection fraction (
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