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Earth’s atmosphere protects the biosphere from nearby supernovae

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Earth’s atmosphere protects the biosphere from nearby supernovae
المؤلفون: Theodoros Christoudias, Jasper Kirkby, Dominik Stolzenburg, Andrea Pozzer, Eva Sommer, Guy P. Brasseur, Markku Kulmala, Jos Lelieveld
المصدر: Communications Earth & Environment, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2024)
بيانات النشر: Nature Portfolio, 2024.
سنة النشر: 2024
المجموعة: LCC:Geology
LCC:Environmental sciences
مصطلحات موضوعية: Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
الوصف: Abstract Geological evidence indicates that a supernova within 100 parsecs of Earth occurs around once per million years. Such nearby supernovas can produce an intense gamma-ray burst and a 100-fold increase of cosmic rays, lasting several centuries. We find that the effect of a short burst of gamma rays is small since they are strongly attenuated before reaching the lower stratosphere. Intense cosmic radiation affects stratospheric ozone but, due to compensating effects in catalytic chemical cycles, ozone depletion is moderate and comparable to that from current anthropogenic emissions. This also holds for the low-oxygen atmosphere during early evolution of terrestrial life. We estimate the increase in aerosol and clouds from a 100-fold increase of cosmic rays exerts a radiative forcing comparable in magnitude but opposite in sign to current anthropogenic climate forcing. We conclude that Earth’s atmosphere is effective at shielding the biosphere from nearby supernovae.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 2662-4435
Relation: https://doaj.org/toc/2662-4435
DOI: 10.1038/s43247-024-01490-9
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/716b6abb3cd9495495aa240c563785bb
رقم الأكسشن: edsdoj.716b6abb3cd9495495aa240c563785bb
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:26624435
DOI:10.1038/s43247-024-01490-9