دورية أكاديمية
Rapid Immune Modulation after Consuming Euglena gracilis Whole Algae Involving Altered Responses to Ex Vivo Immune Challenges: A Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial
| العنوان: | Rapid Immune Modulation after Consuming Euglena gracilis Whole Algae Involving Altered Responses to Ex Vivo Immune Challenges: A Placebo-Controlled Cross-Over Trial |
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| المؤلفون: | Ifeanyi Iloba, Dina Cruickshank, Krista Sanchez, Solli Brawer, Omer Grundman, Gitte S. Jensen |
| المصدر: | Nutraceuticals, Vol 4, Iss 2, Pp 283-306 (2024) |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2024. |
| سنة النشر: | 2024 |
| المجموعة: | LCC:Nutrition. Foods and food supply LCC:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | anti-inflammatory, β-glucan, CD25, CD69, Euglena gracilis, immune surveillance, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627 |
| الوصف: | Euglena gracilis (EG) microalgae has immune-modulating properties, partly due to its unique intracellular β-glucan-granules (paramylon). We evaluated the effects of EG consumption on immune status in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. A placebo-controlled cross-over study evaluated acute immune surveillance, followed by a 1-week open-label phase. Immune training was documented using ex vivo immune challenges and cytokine profiles. In vitro testing of monocytes compared the effects of EG to pure β-glucan. Compared to placebo, EG consumption triggered increased T cell numbers in the blood circulation (1 h: p < 0.01) and decreased monocyte numbers (2 h: p < 0.05). Natural killer cells showed increased CD25 expression (1 and 2 h: p < 0.01) and reduced CD69 expression (2 h: p < 0.01). T cells showed reduced CD25 and CD69 expression (p < 0.01). There were no significant changes to serum cytokines. After EG consumption, ex vivo cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed significant changes to spontaneous and inflammation-induced cytokine levels after 2 h (increased G-CSF: p < 0.01, reduced IL-1β and TNF-α (p < 0.05)) and one week (reduced TNF-α (p < 0.01) and increased IL-10 (p < 0.05)). In vitro, EG-trained monocytes responded differently to a second stimulus than β-glucan-trained monocytes (increased IL-1b: p < 0.1, TNF-α: p < 0.01). EG-mediated training of innate immunity, combined with long-term modulation of inflammation, suggests a nutraceutical strategy for preventive immune support. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article |
| وصف الملف: | electronic resource |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1661-3821 |
| Relation: | https://www.mdpi.com/1661-3821/4/2/18; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-3821 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/nutraceuticals4020018 |
| URL الوصول: | https://doaj.org/article/71e687f863c04ae4813dae4e9ef74038 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsdoj.71e687f863c04ae4813dae4e9ef74038 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 16613821 |
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| DOI: | 10.3390/nutraceuticals4020018 |