Gesture recognition has found widespread applications in various fields, such as virtual reality, medical diagnosis, and robot interaction. The existing mainstream gesture-recognition methods are primarily divided into two categories: inertial-sensor-based and camera-vision-based methods. However, optical detection still has limitations such as reflection and occlusion. In this paper, we investigate static and dynamic gesture-recognition methods based on miniature inertial sensors. Hand-gesture data are obtained through a data glove and preprocessed using Butterworth low-pass filtering and normalization algorithms. Magnetometer correction is performed using ellipsoidal fitting methods. An auxiliary segmentation algorithm is employed to segment the gesture data, and a gesture dataset is constructed. For static gesture recognition, we focus on four machine learning algorithms, namely support vector machine (SVM), backpropagation neural network (BP), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF). We evaluate the model prediction performance through cross-validation comparison. For dynamic gesture recognition, we investigate the recognition of 10 dynamic gestures using Hidden Markov Models (HMM) and Attention-Biased Mechanisms for Bidirectional Long- and Short-Term Memory Neural Network Models (Attention-BiLSTM). We analyze the differences in accuracy for complex dynamic gesture recognition with different feature datasets and compare them with the prediction results of the traditional long- and short-term memory neural network model (LSTM). Experimental results demonstrate that the random forest algorithm achieves the highest recognition accuracy and shortest recognition time for static gestures. Moreover, the addition of the attention mechanism significantly improves the recognition accuracy of the LSTM model for dynamic gestures, with a prediction accuracy of 98.3%, based on the original six-axis dataset.
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