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Immunogenic and antioxidant effects of a pathogen-associated prenyl pyrophosphate in Anopheles gambiae.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Immunogenic and antioxidant effects of a pathogen-associated prenyl pyrophosphate in Anopheles gambiae.
المؤلفون: Bo G Lindberg, Eleanor A Merritt, Melanie Rayl, Chenxiao Liu, Ingela Parmryd, Berit Olofsson, Ingrid Faye
المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 8, p e73868 (2013)
بيانات النشر: Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2013.
سنة النشر: 2013
المجموعة: LCC:Medicine
LCC:Science
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science
الوصف: Despite efficient vector transmission, Plasmodium parasites suffer great bottlenecks during their developmental stages within Anopheles mosquitoes. The outcome depends on a complex three-way interaction between host, parasite and gut bacteria. Although considerable progress has been made recently in deciphering Anopheles effector responses, little is currently known regarding the underlying microbial immune elicitors. An interesting candidate in this sense is the pathogen-derived prenyl pyrophosphate and designated phosphoantigen (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP), found in Plasmodium and most eubacteria but not in higher eukaryotes. HMBPP is the most potent stimulant known of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, a unique lymphocyte subset that expands during several infections including malaria. In this study, we show that Vγ9Vδ2 T cells proliferate when stimulated with supernatants from intraerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum cultures, suggesting that biologically relevant doses of phosphoantigens are excreted by the parasite. Next, we used Anopheles gambiae to investigate the immune- and redox- stimulating effects of HMBPP. We demonstrate a potent activation in vitro of all but one of the signaling pathways earlier implicated in the human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell response, as p38, JNK and PI3K/Akt but not ERK were activated in the A. gambiae 4a3B cell line. Additionally, both HMBPP and the downstream endogenous metabolite isopentenyl pyrophosphate displayed antioxidant effects by promoting cellular tolerance to hydrogen peroxide challenge. When provided in the mosquito blood meal, HMBPP induced temporal changes in the expression of several immune genes. In contrast to meso-diaminopimelic acid containing peptidoglycan, HMBPP induced expression of dual oxidase and nitric oxide synthase, two key determinants of Plasmodium infection. Furthermore, temporal fluctuations in midgut bacterial numbers were observed. The multifaceted effects observed in this study indicates that HMBPP is an important elicitor in common for both Plasmodium and gut bacteria in the mosquito.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 1932-6203
Relation: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3742518?pdf=render; https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073868
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/eb63dc2a416d42eeae78f0305fb3c9e4
رقم الأكسشن: edsdoj.b63dc2a416d42eeae78f0305fb3c9e4
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:19326203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0073868