Zhuo Li,1,2,* Yue-Yun Ma,1,* Juan Wang,1 Xian-Fei Zeng,1 Rui Li,1 Wei Kang,2 Xiao-Ke Hao1 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Purpose: Novel biomarkers for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) are urgently required. Increasing evidence suggests that exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in serum may be potential noninvasive biomarkers for certain diseases. The objective of the present study was to investigate and assess whether exosomal miR-141 is an effective biomarker for human PCa.Methods: In the present study, exosomes were isolated from the serum of patients with PCa, patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and healthy volunteers. The total RNA was extracted from the exosomes and the level of miR-141 was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of miR-141 were compared between the whole serum and the serum exosomes of the three groups. Subsequently, the relevance of the exosomal expression of miR-141 to the clinicopathological factors in PCa was investigated.Results: The expression of miR-141 was higher in exosomes compared with whole serum (control group, P=0.0003; BPH group, P=0.0016; PCa group, P
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