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Sanitation and water supply coverage thresholds associated with active trachoma: Modeling cross-sectional data from 13 countries.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Sanitation and water supply coverage thresholds associated with active trachoma: Modeling cross-sectional data from 13 countries.
المؤلفون: Joshua V Garn, Sophie Boisson, Rebecca Willis, Ana Bakhtiari, Tawfik Al-Khatib, Khaled Amer, Wilfrid Batcho, Paul Courtright, Michael Dejene, Andre Goepogui, Khumbo Kalua, Biruck Kebede, Colin K Macleod, Kouakou IIunga Marie Madeleine, Mariamo Saide Abdala Mbofana, Caleb Mpyet, Jean Ndjemba, Nicholas Olobio, Alexandre L Pavluck, Oliver Sokana, Khamphoua Southisombath, Fasihah Taleo, Anthony W Solomon, Matthew C Freeman
المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 12, Iss 1, p e0006110 (2018)
بيانات النشر: Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2018.
سنة النشر: 2018
المجموعة: LCC:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
LCC:Public aspects of medicine
مصطلحات موضوعية: Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
الوصف: Facial cleanliness and sanitation are postulated to reduce trachoma transmission, but there are no previous data on community-level herd protection thresholds. We characterize associations between active trachoma, access to improved sanitation facilities, and access to improved water sources for the purpose of face washing, with the aim of estimating community-level or herd protection thresholds.We used cluster-sampled Global Trachoma Mapping Project data on 884,850 children aged 1-9 years from 354,990 households in 13 countries. We employed multivariable mixed-effects modified Poisson regression models to assess the relationships between water and sanitation coverage and trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF). We observed lower TF prevalence among those with household-level access to improved sanitation (prevalence ratio, PR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.83-0.91), and household-level access to an improved washing water source in the residence/yard (PR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.75-0.88). Controlling for household-level water and latrine access, we found evidence of community-level protection against TF for children living in communities with high sanitation coverage (PR80-90% = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.73-1.02; PR90-100% = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.67-0.85). Community sanitation coverage levels greater than 80% were associated with herd protection against TF (PR = 0.77; 95%CI: 0.62-0.97)-that is, lower TF in individuals whose households lacked individual sanitation but who lived in communities with high sanitation coverage. For community-level water coverage, there was no apparent threshold, although we observed lower TF among several of the higher deciles of community-level water coverage.Our study provides insights into the community water and sanitation coverage levels that might be required to best control trachoma. Our results suggest access to adequate water and sanitation can be important components in working towards the 2020 target of eliminating trachoma as a public health problem.
نوع الوثيقة: article
وصف الملف: electronic resource
اللغة: English
تدمد: 1935-2727
1935-2735
Relation: http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5800679?pdf=render; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727; https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006110
URL الوصول: https://doaj.org/article/f5f2620ce4864abbbc9931c1669bcc64
رقم الأكسشن: edsdoj.f5f2620ce4864abbbc9931c1669bcc64
قاعدة البيانات: Directory of Open Access Journals
الوصف
تدمد:19352727
19352735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006110