تقرير
Measurement Report :Emission Factors of NH3 and NHx for Wildfires and Agricultural Fires in the United States
| العنوان: | Measurement Report :Emission Factors of NH3 and NHx for Wildfires and Agricultural Fires in the United States |
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| المؤلفون: | Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. Digangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, Armin Wisthaler |
| المصدر: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 23(4) |
| بيانات النشر: | United States: NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI), 2023. |
| سنة النشر: | 2023 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Earth Resources and Remote Sensing |
| الوصف: | During the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) study, the NASA DC-8 carried out in situ chemical measurements in smoke plumes emitted from wildfires and agricultural fires in the contiguous United States. The DC-8 payload included a modified proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) for the fast measurement of gaseous ammonia (NH3) and a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) for the fast measurement of submicron particulate ammonium (NH4+). We herein report data collected in smoke plumes emitted from 6 wildfires in the Western United States, 2 prescribed grassland fires in the Central United States, 1 prescribed forest fire in the Southern United States, and 66 small agricultural fires in the Southeastern United States. Smoke plumes contained double to triple digit ppb levels of NH3. In the wildfire plumes, a significant fraction of NH3 had already been converted to NH4+ at the time of sampling (≥2 h after emission). Substantial amounts of NH4+ were also detected in freshly emitted smoke from corn and rice field fires. We herein present a comprehensive set of emission factors of NH3 and NHx, with NHx = NH3 + NH4+. Average NH3 and NHx emission factors for wildfires in the Western United States were 1.86±0.75 g kg−1 and 2.47±0.80 g kg−1 of fuel burned, respectively. Average NH3 and NHx emission factors for agricultural fires in the Southeastern United States were 0.89±0.58 and 1.74±0.92 g kg−1, respectively. Our data show no clear inverse correlation between modified combustion efficiency (MCE) and NH3 emissions. The observed NH3 emissions were significantly higher than measured in previous laboratory experiments in the FIREX FireLab 2016 study. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Report |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1680-7324 1680-7316 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023 |
| DOI: | 10.5067/SUBORBITAL/FIREXAQ2019/DATA001 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023-supplement |
| URL الوصول: | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230004169 |
| ملاحظات: | 281945.02.80.01.21 80NSSC18K0630 80NSSC21K1451 80NSSC19K0124 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | edsnas.20230004169 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | NASA Technical Reports |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 16807324 16807316 |
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| DOI: | 10.5194/acp-23-2331-2023 |