دورية أكاديمية
Why Is Paper-and-Pencil Multiplication Difficult for Many People?
| العنوان: | Why Is Paper-and-Pencil Multiplication Difficult for Many People? |
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| اللغة: | English |
| المؤلفون: | Speiser, Robert, Schneps, Matthew H., Heffner-Wong, Amanda, Miller, Jaimie L., Sonnert, Gerhard |
| المصدر: | Journal of Mathematical Behavior. Dec 2012 31(4):463-475. |
| الإتاحة: | Elsevier. 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887-4800. Tel: 877-839-7126; Tel: 407-345-4020; Fax: 407-363-1354; e-mail: usjcs@elsevier.com; Web site: http://www.elsevier.com |
| Peer Reviewed: | Y |
| Page Count: | 13 |
| تاريخ النشر: | 2012 |
| نوع الوثيقة: | Journal Articles Reports - Research |
| Education Level: | Elementary Secondary Education |
| Descriptors: | Evidence, Mathematics, Urban Schools, Short Term Memory, Difficulty Level, Mental Computation, Neuropsychology, Mathematical Formulas, Instructional Innovation, Educational Strategies, Learning Strategies, Multiplication, Problem Solving, Teaching Methods |
| مصطلحات جغرافية: | United States |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jmathb.2012.08.001 |
| تدمد: | 0732-3123 |
| مستخلص: | In school, at least in the US, we were taught to multiply by hand according to a standard algorithm. Most people find that algorithm difficult to use, and many children fail to learn it. We propose a new way to make sense of this difficulty: to treat explicit computation as perceptually supported physical and mental action. Based on recent work in neuroscience, we trace the flow of arithmetic information to emphasize demands on visual working memory and attention. We predict that algorithms that make moderate demands on memory and attention will work better than others that make stronger demands. We suggest that the judicious use of spatial schemas can reduce such cognitive demands. Experimental evidence from children in an inner-city school supports this claim. Our work suggests new ways to think about instruction. The goal should be to minimize demands that present obstacles and maximize instead what human eyes, bodies, and brains do well. (Contains 7 figures and 2 tables.) |
| Abstractor: | As Provided |
| Entry Date: | 2012 |
| رقم الأكسشن: | EJ983360 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | ERIC |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 0732-3123 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jmathb.2012.08.001 |