دورية أكاديمية
Fitness reduction for uncooperative fig wasps through reduced offspring size: a third component of host sanctions.
| العنوان: | Fitness reduction for uncooperative fig wasps through reduced offspring size: a third component of host sanctions. |
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| المؤلفون: | Jandér KC; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100, Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, Miami, Florida, 34002-9998, USA., Dafoe A; Department of Political Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA., Herre EA; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 9100, Box 0948, DPO AA 34002-9998, Miami, Florida, 34002-9998, USA. |
| المصدر: | Ecology [Ecology] 2016 Sep; Vol. 97 (9), pp. 2491-2500. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Ecological Society of America Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0043541 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 0012-9658 (Print) Linking ISSN: 00129658 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ecology Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: Washington, DC : Ecological Society of America Original Publication: Brooklyn, NY : Brooklyn Botanical Garden |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Pollination*, Wasps/*physiology, Animals ; Body Size ; Ecology ; Ficus ; Pollen ; Symbiosis ; Wasps/anatomy & histology |
| مستخلص: | Mutually beneficial interactions between two species-mutualisms-are ancient, diverse, and of fundamental ecological importance. Nonetheless, factors that prevent one partner from reaping the benefits of the interaction without paying the cost are still poorly understood. Fig trees and their unique pollinators, fig wasps, present a powerful model system for studying mutualism stability. Both partners depend completely on each other for reproduction, cooperation levels can be manipulated, and the resulting field-based fitness quantified. Previous work has shown that fig trees can impose two types of host sanctions that reduce the fitness of wasps that do not pollinate: (1) fig abortion, which kills all developing larvae, and (2) reduced number of wasp offspring in figs that are not aborted. Here we demonstrate a third component of host sanctions. Through manipulative field experiments, we show that for four of five studied species, offspring of pollen-free foundresses are only 50-90% the size of offspring of pollinating foundresses. We further show that in all four studied species, smaller wasps are less likely to reach and enter a flowering fig to become foundresses themselves. Therefore, the experimentally determined size reduction of offspring is estimated to cause an additional reduction of up to 80% in fitness for a pollen-free foundress. We determine that the size reduction of pollen-free offspring acts on the level of the entire fig fruit rather than on individual flowers. These results show that estimates of the fitness effect of host sanctions on uncooperative symbionts should consider not only offspring quantity but also offspring quality. We discuss implications beyond the fig tree-fig wasp mutualism. (© 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Ficus; Agaonidae; co-evolution; cooperation; fig wasp; insect size; mutualism; partner choice; pollination; resource allocation; sanctions; species interaction |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20161119 Date Completed: 20180911 Latest Revision: 20181202 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20221213 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/ecy.1471 |
| PMID: | 27859079 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 0012-9658 |
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| DOI: | 10.1002/ecy.1471 |