دورية أكاديمية
Biological hierarchies and the nature of extinction.
| العنوان: | Biological hierarchies and the nature of extinction. |
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| المؤلفون: | Congreve CR; Department of Geosciences, 510 Deike Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A., Falk AR; Department of Biology, Centre College, 600 West Walnut Street, Danville, KY 40422, U.S.A., Lamsdell JC; Department of Geology and Geography, 98 Beechurst Avenure, Brooks Hall, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A. |
| المصدر: | Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society [Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc] 2018 May; Vol. 93 (2), pp. 811-826. Date of Electronic Publication: 2017 Sep 24. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Review |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Cambridge University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0414576 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1469-185X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00063231 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: London, Cambridge University Press. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Biological Evolution* , Extinction, Biological*, Animals ; Genetic Fitness |
| مستخلص: | Hierarchy theory recognises that ecological and evolutionary units occur in a nested and interconnected hierarchical system, with cascading effects occurring between hierarchical levels. Different biological disciplines have routinely come into conflict over the primacy of different forcing mechanisms behind evolutionary and ecological change. These disconnects arise partly from differences in perspective (with some researchers favouring ecological forcing mechanisms while others favour developmental/historical mechanisms), as well as differences in the temporal framework in which workers operate. In particular, long-term palaeontological data often show that large-scale (macro) patterns of evolution are predominantly dictated by shifts in the abiotic environment, while short-term (micro) modern biological studies stress the importance of biotic interactions. We propose that thinking about ecological and evolutionary interactions in a hierarchical framework is a fruitful way to resolve these conflicts. Hierarchy theory suggests that changes occurring at lower hierarchical levels can have unexpected, complex effects at higher scales due to emergent interactions between simple systems. In this way, patterns occurring on short- and long-term time scales are equally valid, as changes that are driven from lower levels will manifest in different forms at higher levels. We propose that the dual hierarchy framework fits well with our current understanding of evolutionary and ecological theory. Furthermore, we describe how this framework can be used to understand major extinction events better. Multi-generational attritional loss of reproductive fitness (MALF) has recently been proposed as the primary mechanism behind extinction events, whereby extinction is explainable solely through processes that result in extirpation of populations through a shutdown of reproduction. While not necessarily explicit, the push to explain extinction through solely population-level dynamics could be used to suggest that environmentally mediated patterns of extinction or slowed speciation across geological time are largely artefacts of poor preservation or a coarse temporal scale. We demonstrate how MALF fits into a hierarchical framework, showing that MALF can be a primary forcing mechanism at lower scales that still results in differential survivorship patterns at the species and clade level which vary depending upon the initial environmental forcing mechanism. Thus, even if MALF is the primary mechanism of extinction across all mass extinction events, the primary environmental cause of these events will still affect the system and result in differential responses. Therefore, patterns at both temporal scales are relevant. (© 2017 Cambridge Philosophical Society.) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: MALF; background extinction; evolution; evolutionary theory; hierarchy; macroecology; macroevolution; mass extinction; modern synthesis |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20170926 Date Completed: 20190304 Latest Revision: 20190304 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20231215 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/brv.12368 |
| PMID: | 28944555 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1469-185X |
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| DOI: | 10.1111/brv.12368 |