دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Sexual transmission of Zika virus and other flaviviruses: A living systematic review.
المؤلفون: Counotte MJ; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Kim CR; Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Wang J; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland., Bernstein K; Division of Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America., Deal CD; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America., Broutet NJN; Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland., Low N; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
المصدر: PLoS medicine [PLoS Med] 2018 Jul 24; Vol. 15 (7), pp. e1002611. Date of Electronic Publication: 2018 Jul 24 (Print Publication: 2018).
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Systematic Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101231360 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1549-1676 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15491277 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Med Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Original Publication: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science, [2004]-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Coitus* , Infectious Disease Incubation Period*, Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/*transmission , Zika Virus/*pathogenicity , Zika Virus Infection/*epidemiology , Zika Virus Infection/*transmission, Animals ; Female ; Homosexuality, Male ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Humans ; Male ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Semen/virology ; Sexual Behavior, Animal ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases/virology ; Time Factors ; Travel ; Vagina/virology ; Zika Virus/isolation & purification ; Zika Virus Infection/diagnosis ; Zika Virus Infection/virology
مستخلص: Background: Health authorities in the United States and Europe reported an increasing number of travel-associated episodes of sexual transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) following the 2015-2017 ZIKV outbreak. This, and other scientific evidence, suggests that ZIKV is sexually transmissible in addition to having its primary mosquito-borne route. The objective of this systematic review and evidence synthesis was to clarify the epidemiology of sexually transmitted ZIKV.
Methods and Findings: We performed a living (i.e., continually updated) systematic review of evidence published up to 15 April 2018 about sexual transmission of ZIKV and other arthropod-borne flaviviruses in humans and other animals. We defined 7 key elements of ZIKV sexual transmission for which we extracted data: (1) rectal and vaginal susceptibility to infection, (2) incubation period following sexual transmission, (3) serial interval between the onset of symptoms in a primary and secondary infected individuals, (4) duration of infectiousness, (5) reproduction number, (6) probability of transmission per sex act, and (7) transmission rate. We identified 1,227 unique publications and included 128, of which 77 presented data on humans and 51 presented data on animals. Laboratory experiments confirm that rectal and vaginal mucosae are susceptible to infection with ZIKV and that the testis serves as a reservoir for the virus in animal models. Sexual transmission was reported in 36 human couples: 34/36 of these involved male-to-female sexual transmission. The median serial symptom onset interval in 15 couples was 12 days (interquartile range: 10-14.5); the maximum was 44 days. We found evidence from 2 prospective cohorts that ZIKV RNA is present in human semen with a median duration of 34 days (95% CI: 28-41 days) and 35 days (no CI given) (low certainty of evidence, according to GRADE). Aggregated data about detection of ZIKV RNA from 37 case reports and case series indicate a median duration of detection of ZIKV of 40 days (95% CI: 30-49 days) and maximum duration of 370 days in semen. In human vaginal fluid, median duration was 14 days (95% CI: 7-20 days) and maximum duration was 37 days (very low certainty). Infectious virus in human semen was detected for a median duration of 12 days (95% CI: 1-21 days) and maximum of 69 days. Modelling studies indicate that the reproduction number is below 1 (very low certainty). Evidence was lacking to estimate the incubation period or the transmission rate. Evidence on sexual transmission of other flaviviruses was scarce. The certainty of the evidence is limited because of uncontrolled residual bias.
Conclusions: The living systematic review and sexual transmission framework allowed us to assess evidence about the risk of sexual transmission of ZIKV. ZIKV is more likely transmitted from men to women than from women to men. For other flaviviruses, evidence of sexual transmissibility is still absent. Taking into account all available data about the duration of detection of ZIKV in culture and from the serial interval, our findings suggest that the infectious period for sexual transmission of ZIKV is shorter than estimates from the earliest post-outbreak studies, which were based on reverse transcription PCR alone.
Competing Interests: I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Nicola Low receives a stipend as a Specialty Consulting Editor for PLOS Medicine, and serves on the journal’s editorial board.
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معلومات مُعتمدة: 001 International WHO_ World Health Organization
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20180725 Date Completed: 20190409 Latest Revision: 20230926
رمز التحديث: 20231215
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC6057622
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002611
PMID: 30040845
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1549-1676
DOI:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002611