دورية أكاديمية
Glutamate at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction: From Modulation to Neurotransmission.
العنوان: | Glutamate at the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction: From Modulation to Neurotransmission. |
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المؤلفون: | Colombo MN; Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine-Via Vanvitelli, 32-20129 Milan, Italy., Francolini M; Università degli Studi di Milano, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine-Via Vanvitelli, 32-20129 Milan, Italy. maura.francolini@unimi.it. |
المصدر: | Cells [Cells] 2019 Aug 28; Vol. 8 (9). Date of Electronic Publication: 2019 Aug 28. |
نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review |
اللغة: | English |
بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101600052 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4409 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734409 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cells Subsets: MEDLINE |
أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI |
مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Acetylcholine/*metabolism , Glutamic Acid/*physiology , Membrane Transport Proteins/*metabolism , Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology , Synaptic Transmission/*physiology, Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Humans ; Mice ; Motor Neurons/cytology ; Motor Neurons/metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism ; Presynaptic Terminals/metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism |
مستخلص: | Although acetylcholine is the major neurotransmitter operating at the skeletal neuromuscular junction of many invertebrates and of vertebrates, glutamate participates in modulating cholinergic transmission and plastic changes in the last. Presynaptic terminals of neuromuscular junctions contain and release glutamate that contribute to the regulation of synaptic neurotransmission through its interaction with pre- and post-synaptic receptors activating downstream signaling pathways that tune synaptic efficacy and plasticity. During vertebrate development, the chemical nature of the neurotransmitter at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction can be experimentally shifted from acetylcholine to other mediators (including glutamate) through the modulation of calcium dynamics in motoneurons and, when the neurotransmitter changes, the muscle fiber expresses and assembles new receptors to match the nature of the new mediator. Finally, in adult rodents, by diverting descending spinal glutamatergic axons to a denervated muscle, a functional reinnervation can be achieved with the formation of new neuromuscular junctions that use glutamate as neurotransmitter and express ionotropic glutamate receptors and other markers of central glutamatergic synapses. Here, we summarize the past and recent experimental evidences in support of a role of glutamate as a mediator at the synapse between the motor nerve ending and the skeletal muscle fiber, focusing on the molecules and signaling pathways that are present and activated by glutamate at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. |
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فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: acetylcholine; glutamate; neuromuscular junction; neurotransmitter; receptor; transporter |
المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Membrane Transport Proteins) 0 (Receptors, Neurotransmitter) 3KX376GY7L (Glutamic Acid) N9YNS0M02X (Acetylcholine) SY7Q814VUP (Calcium) |
تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20190831 Date Completed: 20200526 Latest Revision: 20200526 |
رمز التحديث: | 20240628 |
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC6770210 |
DOI: | 10.3390/cells8090996 |
PMID: | 31466388 |
قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
تدمد: | 2073-4409 |
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DOI: | 10.3390/cells8090996 |