دورية أكاديمية
أعرض في EDS

Identification of cardiac organ damage in arterial hypertension: insights by echocardiography for a comprehensive assessment.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Identification of cardiac organ damage in arterial hypertension: insights by echocardiography for a comprehensive assessment.
المؤلفون: Cameli M; Department of Cardiovascular disease, University of Siena, Siena., Lembo M; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples., Sciaccaluga C; Department of Cardiovascular disease, University of Siena, Siena., Bandera F; Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology University Department, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan., Ciccone MM; Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari., D'Andrea A; U.O.D. Diagnostica Cardiologica Integrata, Seconda Università degli Studi, AORN dei Colli-Monaldi, Napoli., D'Ascenzi F; Department of Cardiovascular disease, University of Siena, Siena., Esposito R; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples., Evola V; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo., Liga R; Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa., Mandoli GE; Department of Cardiovascular disease, University of Siena, Siena., Palmiero P; ASL Brindisi, Cardiology Equipe, District of Brindisi, Brindisi., Santoro C; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples., Scicchitano P; Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari., Sorrentino R; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples., Zito A; Cardiovascular Diseases Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Bari., Pedrinelli R; Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa., Mondillo S; Department of Cardiovascular disease, University of Siena, Siena., Mattioli AV; Department of Surgical, Medical and Dental Morphological Sciences related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy., Galderisi M; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Naples.
مؤلفون مشاركون: Working Groups of Echocardiography and Arterial Hypertension of Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC)
المصدر: Journal of hypertension [J Hypertens] 2020 Apr; Vol. 38 (4), pp. 588-598.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8306882 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1473-5598 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02636352 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Hypertens Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: [Alphen aan den Rijn, the Netherlands] : Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.
Original Publication: London ; New York : Gower Academic Pub., [1983-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Aortic Valve/*diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography/*methods , Heart Ventricles/*diagnostic imaging , Hypertension/*diagnostic imaging, Humans ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Prognosis
مستخلص: : Arterial hypertension, a widespread disease, whose prevalence increases with age, represents a major risk factor for cardiovascular events, causing damage in several organs, including the heart. In this context, echocardiography has a clear and pivotal role, being able to assess cardiac morphology and detect haemodynamic changes induced by this disease. 2018 European Society of Cardiology/European Society of Hypertension guidelines on AH identified main echo parameters such as left ventricular mass, relative wall thickness and left atrial volume, for detecting cardiac organ damage. The present review highlights the advantage of additional echocardiographic parameters such as diastolic measurement and both thoracic and abdominal aortic dimensions. An overlook on aortic valve should also be suggested to detect aortic regurgitation and stenosis, both frequent complications in hypertensive patients. In this kind of comprehensive assessment, the combination of standard and advanced echocardiography (speckle tracking echocardiography and, with a lesser extent, three-dimensional echocardiography) could be considered to improve the diagnostic accuracy, stratify prognosis and address management in arterial hypertension.
References: Chow CK, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Gupta R, Avezum A, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in rural and urban communities in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. JAMA 2013; 310:959–996.
Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360:1903–1913.
Mattioli AV, Sciomer S, Moscucci F, Maiello M, Cugusi L, Gallina S, et al. Cardiovascular prevention in women: a narrative review from the Italian Society of Cardiology working groups on ‘Cardiovascular Prevention, Hypertension and peripheral circulation’ and on ‘Women Disease’. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:575–583.
Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Ambrosio G, Cerbai E, Coiro S, Emdin M, et al. Arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation: standard and advanced echocardiography from diagnosis to prognostication. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 19:51–61.
Devereux RB, Alderman MH. Role of preclinical cardiovascular disease in the evolution from risk factor exposure to development of morbid events. Circulation 1993; 88:1444–1455.
Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1953–2041.
Levy D, Garrison RJ, Savage DD, Kannel WB, Castelli WP. Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N Engl J Med 1990; 322:1561–1566.
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, et al. Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28:1–39.e14.
Salvetti M, Paini A, Bertacchini F, Stassaldi D, Aggiusti C, Agabiti Rosei C, et al. Changes in left ventricular geometry during antihypertensive treatment. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:193–199.
Devereux RB, Wachtell K, Gerdts E, Boman K, Nieminen MS, Papademetriou V, et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular mass change during treatment of hypertension. JAMA 2004; 292:2350–2356.
Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, Cardim N, Delgado V, Di Salvo G, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 18:1301–1310.
Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, Reichek N. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57:450–458.
Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification. Eur J Echocardiogr 2006; 7:79–108.
de Simone G, Kizer JR, Chinali M, Roman MJ, Bella JN, Best LG, et al. Normalization for body size and population-attributable risk of left ventricular hypertrophy: the Strong Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 2005; 18:191–196.
Chirinos JA, Segers P, De Buyzere ML, Kronmal RA, Raja MW, De Bacquer D, et al. Left ventricular mass: allometric scaling, normative values, effect of obesity, and prognostic performance. Hypertension 2010; 56:91–98.
Cuspidi C, Meani S, Negri F, Giudici V, Valerio C, Sala C, et al. Indexation of left ventricular mass to body surface area and height to allometric power of 2.7: is the difference limited to obese hypertensives? J Hum Hypertens 2009; 23:728–734.
Gidding SS, Liu K, Colangelo LA, Cook NL, Goff DC, Glasser SP, et al. Longitudinal determinants of left ventricular mass and geometry: the CARDIA study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:769–775.
Gottdiener JS. Value and challenges of measuring left ventricular mass in clinical research: implications for the practitioner. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 6:612–613.
Takeuchi M, Nishikage T, Mor-Avi V, Sugeng L, Weinert L, Nakai H, et al. Measurement of left ventricular mass by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography: validation against magnetic resonance and comparison with two-dimensional and M-mode measurements. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2008; 21:1001–1005.
Mor-Avi V, Sugeng L, Weinert L, MacEneaney P, Caiani EG, Koch R, et al. Fast measurement of left ventricular mass with real-time three dimensional echocardiography: comparison with magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2004; 110:1814–1818.
Yap SC, van Geuns RJ, Nemes A, Meijboom FJ, McGhie JS, Geleijnse ML, et al. Rapid and accurate measurement of LV mass by biplane realtime 3D echocardiography in patients with concentric LV hypertrophy: comparison to CMR. Eur J Echocardiogr 2008; 9:255–260.
Shimada YJ, Shiota T. Meta-analysis of accuracy of left ventricular mass measurement by three-dimensional echocardiography. Am J Cardiol 2012; 110:445–452.
Krishnamoorthy A, Brown T, Ayers CR, Gupta S, Rame JE, Patel PC, et al. Progression from normal to reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy after long-term follow-up. Am J Cardiol 2011; 108:997–1001.
Tsao CW, Gona PN, Salton CJ, Chuang ML, Levy D, Manning WJ, O’Donnell CJ. Left ventricular structure and risk of cardiovascular events: a Framingham Heart Study Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e002188.
Ilercil A, O’Grady MJ, Roman MJ, Paranicas M, Lee ET, Welty TK, et al. Reference values for echocardiographic measurements in urban and rural populations of differing ethnicity: the Strong Heart Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2001; 14:601–611.
Devereux RB, Roman MJ, de Simone G, O’Grady MJ, Paranicas M, Yeh JL, et al. Relations of left ventricular mass to demographic and hemodynamic variables in American Indians: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 1997; 96:1416–1423.
de Simone G, Daniels SR, Devereux RB, Meyer RA, Roman MJ, de Divitiis O, Alderman MH. Left ventricular mass and body size in normotensive children and adults: assessment of allometric relations and impact of overweight. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20:1251–1260.
Ganau A, Devereux RB, Roman MJ, de Simone G, Pickering TG, Saba PS, et al. Patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy and geometric remodeling in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19:1550–1558.
Park SH, Shub C, Nobrega TP, Bailey KR, Seward JB. Two-dimensional echocardiographic calculation of left ventricular mass as recommended by the American Society of Echocardiography: correlation with autopsy and M-mode echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 1996; 9:119–128.
Mizukoshi K, Takeuchi M, Nagata Y, Addetia K, Lang RM, Akashi YJ, Otsuji Y. Normal values of left ventricular mass index assessed by transthoracic three-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:51–61.
Lembo M, Esposito R, Santoro C, Lo Iudice F, Schiano-Lomoriello V, Fazio V, et al. Three-dimensional echocardiographic ventricular mass/end-diastolic volume ratio in native hypertensive patients: relation between stroke volume and geometry. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1697–1704.
Maceira AM, Prasad SK, Khan M, Pennell DJ. Normalized left ventricular systolic and diastolic function by steady state free precession cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2006; 8:417–426.
Rider OJ, Lewandowski A, Nethononda R, Petersen SE, Francis JM, Pitcher A. Gender-specific differences in left ventricular remodelling in obesity: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J 2013; 34:292–299.
Cameli M, Lisi M, Righini FM, Massoni A, Mondillo S. Left ventricular remodeling and torsion dynamics in hypertensive patients. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013; 29:79–86.
D’Andrea A, Radmilovic J, Ballo P, Mele D, Agricola E, Cameli M, et al. Left ventricular hypertrophy or storage disease? The incremental value of speckle tracking strain bull's-eye. Echocardiography 2017; 34:746–759.
Esposito R, Galderisi M, Santoro C, Imbriaco M, Riccio E, Maria Pellegrino A, et al. Prominent longitudinal strain reduction of left ventricular basal segments in treatment-naïve Anderson-Fabry disease patients. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 20:438–445.
Gaasch WH, Zile MR. Left ventricular structural remodeling in health and disease: with special emphasis on volume, mass, and geometry. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58:1733–1740.
de Simone G, Izzo R, Aurigemma GP, De Marco M, Rozza F, Trimarco V, et al. Cardiovascular risk in relation to a new classification of hypertensive left ventricular geometric abnormalities. J Hypertens 2015; 33:745–754.
Khouri MG, Peshock RM, Ayers CR, de Lemos JA, Drazner MH. A 4-tiered classification of left ventricular hypertrophy based on left ventricular geometry: the Dallas heart study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 3:164–171.
Bang CN, Gerdts E, Aurigemma GP, Boman K, de Simone G, Dahlof B. Four-group classification of left ventricular hypertrophy based on ventricular concentricity and dilatation identifies a low-risk subset of eccentric hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2014; 7:422–429.
Verdecchia P, Angeli F, Mazzotta G, Bartolini C, Garofoli M, Aita A, et al. Impact of chamber dilatation on the prognostic value of left ventricular geometry in hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6: pii: e005948. (PMID: e005948)
Rodrigues JC, Amadu AM, Dastidar AG, Szantho GV, Lyen SM, Godsave C, et al. Comprehensive characterisation of hypertensive heart disease left ventricular phenotypes. Heart 2016; 102:1671–1679.
Lembo M, Santoro C, Sorrentino R, Trimarco B, Galderisi M, Esposito R. Impact of left ventricular mass/end-diastolic volume ratio by three-dimensional echocardiography on two-dimensional global longitudinal strain and diastolic function in native hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2019; 37:2041–2047.
Narayanan A, Aurigemma GP, Chinali M, Hill JC, Meyer TE, Tighe DA. Cardiac mechanics in mild hypertensive heart disease: a speckle-strain imaging study. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2009; 2:382–390.
Thavendiranathan P, Grant AD, Negishi T, Plana JC, Popović ZB, Marwick TH. Reproducibility of echocardiographic techniques for sequential assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes: application to patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:77–84.
Otterstad JE. Measuring left ventricular volume and ejection fraction with the biplane Simpson's method. Heart 2002; 88:559–560.
de Simone G, Devereux RB, Koren MJ, Mensah GA, Casale PN, Laragh JH. Midwall left ventricular mechanics. An independent predictor of cardiovascular risk in arterial hypertension. Circulation 1996; 93:259–265.
Mérillon JP, Ennezat PV, Guiomard A, Masquet-Gourgon C, Aumont MC, Gourgon R. Left ventricular performance is closely related to the physical properties of the arterial system: landmark clinical investigations in the 1970s and 1980s. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 107:554–562.
Cameli M, Mondillo S, Solari M, Righini FM, Andrei V, Contaldi C, et al. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function: from ejection fraction to torsion. Heart Fail Rev 2016; 21:77–94.
Merillon JP, Masquet C, Dahan M, Juliard JM, Azancot I, Motte G, Gourgon R. Changes in left ventricular performance during chronic pressure or volume overload: importance of physical properties of the arterial system. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1985; 7: (Suppl 2): S36–S40.
Farsalinos KE, Daraban AM, Ünlü S, Thomas JD, Badano LP, Voigt JU. Head-to-head comparison of global longitudinal strain measurements among nine different vendors: the EACVI/ASE Inter-Vendor Comparison Study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28:1171–1181.
Tadic M, Cuspidi C, Majstorovic A, Kocijancic V, Celic V. The relationship between left ventricular deformation and different geometric patterns according to the updated classification: findings from the hypertensive population. J Hypertens 2015; 33:1954–1961.
Lembo M, Esposito R, Lo Iudice F, Santoro C, Izzo R, De Luca N, et al. Impact of pulse pressure on left ventricular global longitudinal strain in normotensive and newly diagnosed, untreated hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1201–1207.
Contaldi C, Imbriaco M, Alcidi G, Ponsiglione A, Santoro C, Puglia M, et al. Assessment of the relationships between left ventricular filling pressures and longitudinal dysfunction with myocardial fibrosis in uncomplicated hypertensive patients. Int J Cardiol 2016; 202:84–86.
Kalam K, Otahal P, Marwick TH. Prognostic implications of global LV dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction. Heart 2014; 100:1673–1680.
Imbalzano E, Zito C, Carerj S, Oreto G, Mandraffino G, Cusmà-Piccione M, et al. Left ventricular function in hypertension: new insight by speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography 2011; 28:649–657.
Galderisi M, Trimarco B. Global longitudinal strain: a novel hallmark of cardiac risk in arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1050–1051.
Cameli M, Mondillo S, Righini FM, Lisi M, Dokollari A, Lindqvist P, et al. Left ventricular deformation and myocardial fibrosis in patients with advanced heart failure requiring transplantation. J Card Fail 2016; 22:901–907.
Galderisi M, Esposito R, Schiano-Lomoriello V, Santoro A, Ippolito R, Schiattarella P, et al. Correlates of global area strain in native hypertensive patients: a three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 13:730–738.
Nadrux W, Shah AM, Solomon SD. Diastolic dysfunction and hypertension. Med Clin North Am Am 2017; 101:7–17.
Wan SH, Vogel MW, Chen HH. Preclinical diastolic dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:407–416.
Nagueh SF, Smiseth OA, Appleton CP, Byrd BF 3rd, Dokainish H, Edvardsen T, et al. Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:277–314.
Dini FL, Galderisi M, Nistri S, Buralli S, Ballo P, Mele D, et al. Abnormal left ventricular longitudinal function assessed by echocardiographic and tissue Doppler imaging is a powerful predictor of diastolic dysfunction in hypertensive patients: the SPHERE study. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3351–3358.
Redon J, Tellez-Plaza M, Orozco-Beltran D, Gil-Guillen V, Pita Fernandez S, Navarro-Pérez J, et al. Impact of hypertension on mortality and cardiovascular disease burden in patients with cardiovascular risk factors from a general practice setting: the ESCARVAL-risk study. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1075–1083.
Tapp RJ, Sharp A, Stanton AV, O’Brien E, Chaturvedi N, Poulter NR, et al. Differential effects of antihypertensive treatment on left ventricular diastolic function: an ASCOT (Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial) substudy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55:1875–1881.
Kwon BJ, Lee SH, Park CS, Kim DB, Park HJ, Jang SW, et al. Left ventricular diastolic dyssynchrony in patients with treatment-naive hypertension and the effects of antihypertensive therapy. J Hypertens 2015; 33:354–365.
Wachtell K, Bella JN, Rokkedal J, Palmieri V, Papademetriou V, Dahlöf B, et al. Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension (LIFE) Study. Circulation 2002; 105:1071–1076.
Solomon SD, Verma A, Desai A, Hassanein A, Izzo J, Oparil S, et al. Effect of intensive versus standard blood pressure lowering on diastolic function in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and diastolic dysfunction. Hypertension 2010; 55:241–248.
Tam MC, Lee R, Cascino TM, Konerman MC, Hummel SL. Current perspectives on systemic hypertension in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:12.
Messerli FH, Rimoldi AF, Bangalore S. The transition from hypertension to heart failure. JACC Heart Fail 2017; 5:543–551.
Gaasch WH, Zile MR. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and diastolic heart failure. Annu Rev Med 2004; 55:373–394.
Oh JK, Hatle L, Tajik AJ, Little WC. Diastolic heart failure can be diagnosed by comprehensive two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:500–506.
Losi MA, Izzo R, Canciello G, Giamundo A, Manzi MV, Strisciuglio T, et al. Atrial dilatation development in hypertensive treated patients: the Campania-Salute Network. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1077–1084.
Mor-Avi V, Yodwut C, Jenkins C, Kuhl H, Nesser HJ, Marwick TH, et al. Real-time 3D echocardiographic quantification of left atrial volume: multicenter study for validation with CMR. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:769–777.
Caselli S, Canali E, Foschi ML, Santini D, Di Angelantonio E, Pandian NG, De Castro S. Longterm prognostic significance of three-dimensional echocardiographic parameters of the left ventricle and left atrium. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11:250–256.
Kuznetsova T, Haddad F, Tikhonoff V, Kloch-Badelek M, Ryabikov A, Knez J, et al. Impact and pitfalls of scaling of left ventricular and atrial structure in population-based studies. J Hypertens 2016; 34:1186–1194.
Kanar B, Ozben B, Kanar HS, Arsan A, Tigen K. Left atrial volume changes are an early marker of end-organ damage in essential hypertension: a multidisciplinary approach to an old problem. Echocardiography 2017; 34:1895–1902.
Cuspidi C, Meani S, Valerio C, Fusi V, Catini E, Sala C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of advanced retinopathy in a large selected hypertensive population. Evaluation of Target Organ Damage in Hypertension (ETODH) study. Blood Pressure 2005; 14:25–31.
Chen XJ, Chen C, Liang YJ, Gao XL, Jiang J, Kang Y, et al. Decreased left atrial myocardial strain in patients with suboptimal blood pressure control. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:481–488.
Mondillo S, Cameli M, Caputo ML, Lisi M, Palmerini E, Padeletti M, Ballo P. Early detection of left atrial strain abnormalities by speckle-tracking in hypertensive and diabetic patients with normal left atrial size. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2011; 24:898–908.
Cameli M, Mandoli GE, Lisi E, Ibrahim A, Incampo E, Buccoliero G, et al. Left atrial, ventricular and atrio-ventricular strain in patients with subclinical heart dysfunction. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 35:249–258.
Jarasunas J, Aidietis A, Aidietiene S. Left atrial strain – an early marker of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2018; 16:29.
Sharman JE, Boutouyrie P, Laurent S. Arterial (aortic) stiffness in patients with resistant hypertension: from assessment to treatment. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:2.
Muxfeldt ES, Cardoso CR, Dias VB, Nascimento AC, Salles GF. Prognostic impact of the ambulatory arterial stiffness index in resistant hypertension. J Hypertens 2010; 28:1547–1553.
Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, et al. ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). J Hypertens 2013; 31:1281–1357.
Williams B. The aorta and resistant hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53:452–454.
Lembo M, Sicari R, Esposito R, Rigo F, Cortigiani L, Lo Iudice F, et al. Association between elevated pulse pressure and high resting coronary blood flow velocity in patients with angiographically normal epicardial coronary arteries. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6: pii: e005710. (PMID: e005710)
Craiem D, Chironi G, Casciaro ME, Redheuil A, Mousseaux E, Simon A. Three-dimensional evaluation of thoracic aorta enlargement and unfolding in hypertensive men using noncontrast computed tomography. J Hum Hypertens 2013; 27:504–509.
Evangelista A, Flachskampf FA, Erbel R, Antonini-Canterin F, Vlachopoulos C, Rocchi G, et al. Echocardiography in aortic diseases: EAE recommendations for clinical practice. Eur J Echocardiogr 2010; 11:645–658.
Milan A, Tosello F, Naso D, Avenatti E, Leone D, Magnino C, Veglio F. Ascending aortic dilatation, arterial stiffness and cardiac organ damage in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2013; 31:109–116.
Cuspidi C, Meani S, Negri F, Sala C, Mancia G. Left ventricular hypertrophy and abdominal aorta size in essential hypertension. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1213–1219.
Vizzardi E, Maffessanti F, Lorusso R, Sciatti E, Bonadei I, Gelsomino S, et al. Ascending aortic dimensions in hypertensive subjects: reference values for two-dimensional echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:827–837.
Mulè G, Nardi E, Morreale M, Castiglia A, Geraci G, Altieri D, et al. The relationship between aortic root size and hypertension: an unsolved conundrum. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 956:427–445.
Campens L, Demulier L, De Groote K, Vandekerckhove K, De Wolf D, Roman MJ, et al. Reference values for echocardiographic assessment of the diameter of the aortic root and ascending aorta spanning all age categories. Am J Cardiol 2014; 114:914–920.
Teixido-Tura G, Almeida AL, Choi EY, Gjesdal O, Jacobs DR Jr, Dietz HC, et al. Determinants of aortic root dilatation and reference values among young adults over a 20-year period: coronary artery risk development in young adults study. Hypertension 2015; 66:23–29.
Jia CF, Wang ZQ, Sun XX, Yang ZQ, Zou YJ, Jiang YN. Ascending aortic distensibility and target organ damage in primary hypertension without diabetes. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 33:1245–1251.
Harada K, Yasuoka K, Shimada Y. Usefulness of tissue doppler imaging for assessing aortic wall stiffness in children with the Marfan syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2004; 93:1072–1075.
Lu Y, Deng Y, Wang Q, Chen F, Huang Y, Lv Y, et al. Assessment of ascending aortic elasticity in hypertension patients by quantitative tissue velocity imaging. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci 2009; 29:782–785.
Luo C, Liu Y, Li Z, Lin J, Chen R, Zhang T, et al. Correlations between anterior wall motion velocity of ascending aorta measured by quantitative tissue velocity image and left ventricular geometry as well as left heart function in hypertension patients. Minerva Cardioangiol 2018; 66:136–142.
O’Driscoll JM, Bahia SS, Gravina A, Di Fino S, Thompson MM, Karthikesalingam A, et al. Transthoracic echocardiography provides important long-term prognostic information in selected patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic repair. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 9:e003557.
Esposito R, Ilardi F, Schiano Lomoriello V, Sorrentino R, Sellitto V, Giugliano G, et al. Identification of the main determinants of abdominal aorta size: a screening by Pocket Size Imaging Device. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2017; 15:2.
Liakos CI, Grassos CA, Papadopoulos DP, Dimitriadis KS, Tsioufis CP, Tousoulis D. Arterial hypertension and aortic valve stenosis: shedding light on a common ‘liaison’. Hellenic J Cardiol 2017; 58:261–266.
Katsi V, Georgiopoulos G, Oikonomou D, Aggeli C, Grassos C, Papadopoulos DP, et al. Aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation and arterial hypertension. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2019; 17:180–190.
Rieck ÅE, Cramariuc D, Boman K, Gohlke-Bärwolf C, Staal EM, Lønnebakken MT, et al. Hypertension in aortic stenosis: implications for left ventricular structure and cardiovascular events. Hypertension 2012; 60:90–97.
Saeed S, Mancia G, Rajani R, Parkin D, Chambers JB. Hypertension in aortic stenosis: relationship with revealed symptoms and functional measures on treadmill exercise. J Hypertens 2019; 37:2209–2215.
Baumgartner H, Hung J, Bermejo J, Chambers JB, Edvardsen T, Goldstein S, et al. Recommendations on the echocardiographic assessment of aortic valve stenosis: a focused update from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017; 30:372–392.
Pibarot P, Dumesnil JG. Paradoxical low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis: new evidence, more questions. Circulation 2013; 128:1729–1732.
Krumholz HM, Larson M, Levy D. Prognosis of left ventricular geometric patterns in the Framingham Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25:879–884.
Ghali JK, Liao Y, Cooper RS. Influence of left ventricular geometric patterns on prognosis in patients with or without coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 31:1635–1640.
Russo C, Jin Z, Homma S, Rundek T, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, et al. Left atrial minimum volume and reservoir function as correlates of left ventricular diastolic function: impact of left ventricular systolic function. Heart 2012; 98:813–820.
Piotrowski G, Banach M, Gerdts E, Mikhailidis DP, Hannam S, Gawor R, et al. Left atrial size in hypertension and stroke. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1988–1993.
Tsang TS, Barnes ME, Bailey KR, Leibson CL, Montgomery SC, Takemoto Y, et al. Left atrial volume: important risk marker of incident atrial fibrillation in 1655 older men and women. Mayo Clin Proc 2001; 76:467–475.
Verdecchia P, Reboldi G, Gattobigio R, Bentivoglio M, Borgioni C, Angeli F, et al. Atrial fibrillation in hypertension: predictors and outcome. Hypertension 2003; 41:218–223.
Gardin JM, McClelland R, Kitzman D, Lima JA, Bommer W, Klopfenstein HS, et al. M-mode echocardiographic predictors of six- to seven-year incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, and mortality in an elderly cohort (the Cardiovascular Health Study). Am J Cardiol 2001; 87:1051–1057.
Armstrong AC, Gidding S, Gjesdal O, Wu C, Bluemke DA, Lima JA. LV mass assessed by echocardiography and CMR, cardiovascular outcomes, and medical practice. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 5:837–848.
Gosse P, Cremer A, Vircoulon M, Coulon P, Jan E, Papaioannou G, Yeim S. Prognostic value of the extent of left ventricular hypertrophy and its evolution in the hypertensive patient. J Hypertens 2012; 30:2403–2409.
Abhayaratna WP, Seward JB, Appleton CP, Douglas PS, Oh JK, Tajik AJ, Tsang TS. Left atrial size: physiologic determinants and clinical applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47:2357–2363.
Aljaroudi W, Alraies MC, Halley C, Rodriguez L, Grimm RA, Thomas JD, Jaber WA. Impact of progression of diastolic dysfunction on mortality in patients with normal ejection fraction. Circulation 2012; 125:782–788.
Bella JN, Palmieri V, Roman MJ, Liu JE, Welty TK, Lee ET, et al. Mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity as a predictor of mortality in middle-aged and elderly adults: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation 2002; 105:1928–1933.
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20191207 Date Completed: 20210324 Latest Revision: 20210324
رمز التحديث: 20240628
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002323
PMID: 31809464
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1473-5598
DOI:10.1097/HJH.0000000000002323