دورية أكاديمية
Distinctive encodings and the production effect: failure to retrieve distinctive encodings decreases recollection of silent items.
| العنوان: | Distinctive encodings and the production effect: failure to retrieve distinctive encodings decreases recollection of silent items. |
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| المؤلفون: | Ozubko JD; Department of Psychology, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA., Bamburoski LD; Department of Psychology, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA., Carlin K; Department of Psychology, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA., Fawcett JM; Department of Psychology, Memorial University, Saint John's, Canada. |
| المصدر: | Memory (Hove, England) [Memory] 2020 Feb; Vol. 28 (2), pp. 237-260. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 20. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Psychology Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9306862 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1464-0686 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09658211 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Memory Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: Sussex : Psychology Press Original Publication: Hove (UK) ; Hillsdale (USA) : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Ltd., c1993- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Memory, Short-Term* , Mental Recall* , Retention, Psychology*, Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Young Adult |
| مستخلص: | Studies have shown that when aloud and silent items are studied together, silent items are remembered more poorly than when they are studied independently. We hypothesise that this cost to silent items emerges because, at test, participants search for memories of having said items aloud and when those memory searches fail, participants become uncertain about whether silent items were studied. This effect should be exaggerated if other unique distinctive encoding conditions are also included at study (e.g., mumbling, writing, typing, etc.). To test this prediction, we examined the impact of introducing mumbled, "important" (i.e., words that participants are told are the most important to remember), and mouthed words to a study list of aloud and silent words. Introducing mumbled and "important" words further impaired the recollection of silent items. Introducing mouthed items did not further impair the memorability of silent items because mouthing and speaking aloud are so similar and hence, are not fully unique from each other. The memorability of aloud items was unaffected in all conditions. These results suggest that participants search for distinctive encoding information at test, and only for items that fail those searches (i.e., silent items) do they lose confidence. |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: The production effect; benefits; costs; familiarity; recollection |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20200122 Date Completed: 20201222 Latest Revision: 20201222 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240628 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09658211.2019.1711128 |
| PMID: | 31959064 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
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Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1464-0686 |
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| DOI: | 10.1080/09658211.2019.1711128 |