دورية أكاديمية
The multi-sectorial emergency response to a cholera outbreak in Internally Displaced Persons camps in Borno State, Nigeria, 2017.
| العنوان: | The multi-sectorial emergency response to a cholera outbreak in Internally Displaced Persons camps in Borno State, Nigeria, 2017. |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Ngwa MC; International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Wondimagegnehu A; World Health Organisation, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Okudo I; World Health Organisation, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Owili C; World Health Organisation, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Ugochukwu U; World Health Organisation, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Clement P; World Health Organisation, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Devaux I; World Health Organization, Maiduguri, Nigeria., Pezzoli L; World Health Organization, Geneve, Switzerland., Ihekweazu C; Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria., Jimme MA; Geography, University of Maiduguri Faculty of Social Science, Maiduguri, Nigeria., Winch P; International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA., Sack DA; International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. |
| المصدر: | BMJ global health [BMJ Glob Health] 2020 Jan 28; Vol. 5 (1), pp. e002000. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Jan 28 (Print Publication: 2020). |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101685275 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2059-7908 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20597908 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Glob Health |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: [London] : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, [2016]- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Cholera*/prevention & control , Cholera*/therapy , Disease Outbreaks* , Refugee Camps*, Disaster Planning/*organization & administration, Cholera Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Cholera Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Nigeria ; Refugees |
| مستخلص: | Introduction: In August 2017, a cholera outbreak started in Muna Garage Internally Displaced Persons camp, Borno state, Nigeria and >5000 cases occurred in six local government areas. This qualitative study evaluated perspectives about the emergency response to this outbreak. Methods: We conducted 39 key informant interviews and focus group discussions, and reviewed 21 documents with participants involved with surveillance, water, sanitation, hygiene, case management, oral cholera vaccine (OCV), communications, logistics and coordination. Qualitative data analysis used thematic techniques comprising key words in context, word repetition and key sector terms. Results: Authorities were alerted quickly, but outbreak declaration took 12 days due to a 10-day delay waiting for culture confirmation. Outbreak investigation revealed several potential transmission channels, but a leaking latrine around the index cases' house was not repaired for more than 7 days. Chlorine was initially not accepted by the community due to rumours that it would sterilise women. Key messages were in Hausa, although Kanuri was the primary local language; later this was corrected. Planning would have benefited using exercise drills to identify weaknesses, and inventory sharing to avoid stock outs. The response by the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency was perceived to be slow and an increased risk from a religious festival was not recognised. Case management was provided at treatment centres, but some partners were concerned that their work was not recognised asking, 'Who gets the glory and the data?' Nearly one million people received OCV and its distribution benefited from a robust infrastructure for polio vaccination. There was initial anxiety, rumour and reluctance about OCV, attributed by many to lack of formative research prior to vaccine implementation. Coordination was slow initially, but improved with activation of an emergency operations centre (EOC) that enabled implementation of incident management system to coordinate multisectoral activities and meetings held at 16:00 hours daily. The synergy between partners and government improved when each recognised the government's leadership role. Conclusion: Despite a timely alert of the outbreak, delayed laboratory confirmation slowed initial response. Initial responses to the outbreak were not well coordinated but improved with the EOC. Understanding behaviours and community norms through rapid formative research should improve the effectiveness of the emergency response to a cholera outbreak. OCV distribution was efficient and benefited from the polio vaccine infrastructure. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.) |
| References: | Emerg Infect Dis. 2017 Jan;23(1):38-45. (PMID: 27983502) Sci Total Environ. 2018 Oct 1;637-638:1455-1465. (PMID: 29801238) Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 Apr;80(4):640-5. (PMID: 19346392) BMC Public Health. 2014 Nov 16;14:1167. (PMID: 25399402) Glob Health Sci Pract. 2016 Dec 28;4(4):626-646. (PMID: 28031301) J Health Commun. 2017;22(sup1):24-30. (PMID: 28854130) Sci Rep. 2016 Oct 24;6:35742. (PMID: 27775046) EBioMedicine. 2016 Oct;12:295-301. (PMID: 27658738) Pan Afr Med J. 2017 Dec 15;28:311. (PMID: 29721141) Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2018 May;98(5):1269-1274. (PMID: 29512484) Niger Med J. 2015 May-Jun;56(3):161-8. (PMID: 26229222) PLoS Med. 2015 Nov 17;12(11):e1001901. (PMID: 26576044) Emerg Infect Dis. 2011 Nov;17(11):2136-8. (PMID: 22099118) J Health Commun. 2017;22(sup1):39-50. (PMID: 28854137) Int J Health Geogr. 2008 Dec 16;7:62. (PMID: 19087235) Pan Afr Med J. 2016 Apr 20;23:203. (PMID: 27347292) Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Nov;4(11):e856-e863. (PMID: 27765293) J Infect Dev Ctries. 2012 Mar 12;6(3):234-41. (PMID: 22421604) BMJ Glob Health. 2019 Jul 15;4(4):e001709. (PMID: 31406596) Emerg Infect Dis. 2016 Jun;22(6):1067-70. (PMID: 27192187) Health Manpow Manage. 1997;23(2-3):97-9. (PMID: 10167883) J Water Health. 2008 Dec;6(4):559-64. (PMID: 18401121) PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jun 04;9(6):e0003832. (PMID: 26043000) Epidemiol Infect. 2012 Aug;140(8):1376-85. (PMID: 21943798) |
| معلومات مُعتمدة: | 001 International WHO_ World Health Organization |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Borno State; Nigeria; cholera; emergency response; internally displaced persons camp; monitoring and evaluation; qualitative research; reactive oral cholera vaccine |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Cholera Vaccines) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20200306 Date Completed: 20210129 Latest Revision: 20240726 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240726 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC7042583 |
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002000 |
| PMID: | 32133173 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 2059-7908 |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002000 |