دورية أكاديمية
Landscape impacts of 3D-seismic surveys in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska.
| العنوان: | Landscape impacts of 3D-seismic surveys in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska. |
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| المؤلفون: | Raynolds MK; Alaska Geobotany Center, Institute of Arctic Biology & Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99709, USA., Jorgenson JC; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99701, USA., Jorgenson MT; Alaska Ecoscience, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99709, USA., Kanevskiy M; Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA., Liljedahl AK; University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA.; Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, Massachusetts, 02540, USA., Nolan M; Fairbanks Fodar, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99708, USA., Sturm M; Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99775, USA., Walker DA; Alaska Geobotany Center, Institute of Arctic Biology & Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99709, USA. |
| المصدر: | Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America [Ecol Appl] 2020 Oct; Vol. 30 (7), pp. e02143. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 May 26. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Ecological Society of America Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9889808 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1051-0761 (Print) Linking ISSN: 10510761 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ecol Appl Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: Washington, D.C. : Ecological Society of America Original Publication: Tempe, AZ : The Society, 1991- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Permafrost* , Tundra*, Alaska ; Arctic Regions ; Snow |
| مستخلص: | Although three-dimensional (3D) seismic surveys have improved the success rate of exploratory drilling for oil and gas, the impacts have received little scientific scrutiny, despite affecting more area than any other oil and gas activity. To aid policy-makers and scientists, we reviewed studies of the landscape impacts of 3D-seismic surveys in the Arctic. We analyzed a proposed 3D-seismic program in northeast Alaska, in the northern Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, which includes a grid 63,000 km of seismic trails and additional camp-move trails. Current regulations are not adequate to eliminate impacts from these activities. We address issues related to the high-density of 3D trails compared to 2D methods, with larger crews, more camps, and more vehicles. We focus on consequences to the hilly landscapes, including microtopography, snow, vegetation, hydrology, active layers, and permafrost. Based on studies of 2D-seismic trails created in 1984-1985 in the same area by similar types of vehicles, under similar regulations, approximately 122 km 2 would likely sustain direct medium- to high-level disturbance from the proposed exploration, with possibly expanded impacts through permafrost degradation and hydrological connectivity. Strong winds are common, and snow cover necessary to minimize impacts from vehicles is windblown and inadequate to protect much of the area. Studies of 2D-seismic impacts have shown that moist vegetation types, which dominate the area, sustain longer-lasting damage than wet or dry types, and that the heavy vehicles used for mobile camps caused the most damage. The permafrost is ice rich, which combined with the hilly topography, makes it especially susceptible to thermokarst and erosion triggered by winter vehicle traffic. The effects of climate warming will exacerbate the impacts of winter travel due to warmer permafrost and a shift of precipitation from snow to rain. The cumulative impacts of 3D-seismic traffic in tundra areas need to be better assessed, together with the effects of climate change and the industrial development that would likely follow. Current data needs include studies of the impacts of 3D-seismic exploration, better climate records for the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, especially for wind and snow; and high-resolution maps of topography, ground ice, hydrology, and vegetation. (© 2020 The Authors. Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America.) |
| References: | Ecol Appl. 2010 Jan;20(1):205-21. (PMID: 20349841) Glob Chang Biol. 2014 Apr;20(4):1211-24. (PMID: 24339207) Sci Rep. 2015 Oct 29;5:15865. (PMID: 26511650) Ecol Appl. 2020 Oct;30(7):e02143. (PMID: 32335990) |
| معلومات مُعتمدة: | International NASA Terrestrial Hydrology Program; International U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 1263854 International U.S. National Science Foundation (ArcSEES OPP); 1722572 International U.S. National Science Foundation (ArcSEES OPP); 1820883 International U.S. National Science Foundation (NNA); 1928237 International U.S. National Science Foundation (NNA) |
| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: 1002 Area; 3D seismic; Alaska; Arctic National Wildlife Refuge; cumulative impacts; hydrology; ice-rich permafrost; oil and gas exploration; snow; tundra |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20200427 Date Completed: 20210121 Latest Revision: 20220531 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20231215 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC7583382 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/eap.2143 |
| PMID: | 32335990 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1051-0761 |
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| DOI: | 10.1002/eap.2143 |