Mitochondrial diseases in North America: An analysis of the NAMDC Registry.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:	Mitochondrial diseases in North America: An analysis of the NAMDC Registry.
المؤلفون:	Barca E; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Long Y; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Cooley V; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Schoenaker R; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Emmanuele V; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., DiMauro S; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Cohen BH; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Karaa A; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Vladutiu GD; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Haas R; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Van Hove JLK; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Scaglia F; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Parikh S; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Bedoyan JK; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., DeBrosse SD; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Gavrilova RH; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Saneto RP; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Enns GM; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Stacpoole PW; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Ganesh J; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Larson A; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Zolkipli-Cunningham Z; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Falk MJ; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Goldstein AC; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Tarnopolsky M; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Gropman A; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Camp K; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Krotoski D; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Engelstad K; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Rosales XQ; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Kriger J; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Grier J; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Buchsbaum R; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Thompson JLP; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Hirano M; Department of Neurology (E.B., V.E., S.D., K.E., X.Q.R., M.H.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York; Department of Biostatistics (Y.L., V.C., J.K., J. Grier, R.B., J.L.P.T.), Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York; Radboudumc (R.S.), Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics (B.H.C.), Northeast Ohio Medical University and Akron Children's Hospital; Genetics Unit (A.K.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Department of Pediatrics (G.D.V.), State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Neurosciences and Pediatrics (R.H.), University of California at San Diego; Department of Pediatrics (J.L.K.V.H., A.L.), University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (F.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Texas Children's Hospital (F.S.), Houston; Joint BCM-CUHK Center of Medical Genetics (F.S.), Prince of Wales Hospital, ShaTin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Cleveland Clinic, OH; Departments of Genetics and Genome Sciences and Pediatrics (J.K.B., S.D.D.), and Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Neurology and Clinical Genomics (R.H.G.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Neurology (R.P.S.), University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (G.M.E.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Medicine (P.W.S.), University of Florida at Gainesville; Genetics and Genomic Sciences at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (J. Ganesh), New York; Mitochondrial Medicine Frontier Program (Z.Z.-C., M.J.F., A.C.G.), Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (Z.Z.-C.), Philadelphia; Department of Neurology (M.T.), McMasters University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Neurology (A.G.), Children's National Health Network, Washington, DC; Office of Dietary Supplements (K.C.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (D.K.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
المصدر:	Neurology. Genetics [Neurol Genet] 2020 Mar 02; Vol. 6 (2), pp. e402. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Mar 02 (Print Publication: 2020).
نوع المنشور:	Journal Article
اللغة:	English
بيانات الدورية:	Publisher: Published for the American Academy of Neurology by Wolters Kluwer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101671068 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2376-7839 (Print) Linking ISSN: 23767839 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neurol Genet Subsets: PubMed not MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة:	Original Publication: [Hagerstown, MD] : Published for the American Academy of Neurology by Wolters Kluwer, [2015]-
مستخلص:	Objective: To describe clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of participants with mitochondrial diseases (MtDs) enrolled in the North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC) Registry. Methods: This cross-sectional, multicenter, retrospective database analysis evaluates the phenotypic and molecular characteristics of participants enrolled in the NAMDC Registry from September 2011 to December 2018. The NAMDC is a network of 17 centers with expertise in MtDs and includes both adult and pediatric specialists. Results: One thousand four hundred ten of 1,553 participants had sufficient clinical data for analysis. For this study, we included only participants with molecular genetic diagnoses (n = 666). Age at onset ranged from infancy to adulthood. The most common diagnosis was multisystemic disorder (113 participants), and only a minority of participants were diagnosed with a classical mitochondrial syndrome. The most frequent classical syndromes were Leigh syndrome (97 individuals) and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (71 individuals). Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial DNA were more frequently observed (414 participants) than pathogenic nuclear gene variants (252 participants). Pathogenic variants in 65 nuclear genes were identified, with POLG1 and PDHA1 being the most commonly affected. Pathogenic variants in 38 genes were reported only in single participants. Conclusions: The NAMDC Registry data confirm the high variability of clinical, biochemical, and genetic features of participants with MtDs. This study serves as an important resource for future enhancement of MtD research and clinical care by providing the first comprehensive description of participant with MtD in North America. (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Neurology.)
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معلومات مُعتمدة:	T32 GM082773 United States GM NIGMS NIH HHS; U54 HD086984 United States HD NICHD NIH HHS; U54 NS078059 United States NS NINDS NIH HHS
تواريخ الأحداث:	Date Created: 20200428 Latest Revision: 20220414
رمز التحديث:	20231215
مُعرف محوري في PubMed:	PMC7164977
DOI:	10.1212/NXG.0000000000000402
PMID:	32337332
قاعدة البيانات:	MEDLINE

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تدمد:	2376-7839
DOI:	10.1212/NXG.0000000000000402