دورية أكاديمية
A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia.
| العنوان: | A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia. |
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| المؤلفون: | Simonovich VA; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Burgos Pratx LD; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Scibona P; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Beruto MV; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Vallone MG; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Vázquez C; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Savoy N; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Giunta DH; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Pérez LG; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Sánchez MDL; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Gamarnik AV; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Ojeda DS; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Santoro DM; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Camino PJ; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Antelo S; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Rainero K; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Vidiella GP; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Miyazaki EA; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Cornistein W; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Trabadelo OA; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Ross FM; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Spotti M; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Funtowicz G; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Scordo WE; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Losso MH; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Ferniot I; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Pardo PE; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Rodriguez E; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Rucci P; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Pasquali J; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Fuentes NA; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Esperatti M; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Speroni GA; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Nannini EC; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Matteaccio A; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Michelangelo HG; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Follmann D; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Lane HC; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD., Belloso WH; From the Clinical Pharmacology Section (V.A.S., P.S., M.V.B., N.S.), Intermediate Care Unit (M.G.V., C.V., H.G.M.), and Infectious Diseases Section (M.L.S.), Department of Internal Medicine, and the Departments of Research (V.A.S., D.H.G., L.G.P., W.H.B.) and Transfusional Medicine (L.D.B.P., D.M.S., P.J.C., S.A.), Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires; Department of Virology, Leloir Institute Foundation, Buenos Aires (A.V.G., D.S.O.), the Departments of Transfusional Medicine (K.R.), Infectious Diseases, Sanatorio Agote (G.P.V.), and Critical Care, Clínica Zabala (E.A.M.), Swiss Medical, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Infection Control (W.C.) and Transfusional Medicine (O.A.T.), Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, the Departments of Internal Medicine (F.M.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (M.S.), Clínica Santa Isabel, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine (L.D.B.P., G.F.) and Transfusional Medicine (W.E.S.), Hospital Italiano Agustín Rocca, San Justo, the Departments of Medicine (M.H.L.) and Transfusional Medicine (I.F.), Hospital General de Agudos José María Ramos Mejía, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.E.P.) and Transfusional Medicine (E.R.), Sanatorio Trinidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, the Departments of Clinical Research (N.A.F., M.E.) and Transfusional Medicine (G.A.S.), Hospital Privado de la Comunidad de Mar del Plata and Escuela Superior de Medicina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata (N.A.F., M.E.), the Departments of Internal Medicine (P.R.) and Transfusional Medicine (J.P.), Hospital Zonal Ramón Carrillo, Bariloche, and the Departments of Infectious Diseases (E.C.N.) and Transfusional Medicine (A.M.), Sanatorio Británico de Rosario, Santa Fé - all in Argentina; and the Biostatistics Research Branch (D.F.), Division of Clinical Research (D.F., H.C.L.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD. |
| مؤلفون مشاركون: | PlasmAr Study Group |
| المصدر: | The New England journal of medicine [N Engl J Med] 2021 Feb 18; Vol. 384 (7), pp. 619-629. Date of Electronic Publication: 2020 Nov 24. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Multicenter Study; Randomized Controlled Trial; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0255562 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1533-4406 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00284793 NLM ISO Abbreviation: N Engl J Med Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Original Publication: Boston, Massachusetts Medical Society. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Antibodies, Neutralizing/*blood , COVID-19/*therapy , Immunoglobulin G/*blood , Pneumonia, Viral/*therapy , SARS-CoV-2/*immunology, Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Component Transfusion ; COVID-19/complications ; COVID-19/mortality ; Disease Progression ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pneumonia, Viral/etiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/mortality ; Severity of Illness Index ; COVID-19 Serotherapy |
| مستخلص: | Background: Convalescent plasma is frequently administered to patients with Covid-19 and has been reported, largely on the basis of observational data, to improve clinical outcomes. Minimal data are available from adequately powered randomized, controlled trials. Methods: We randomly assigned hospitalized adult patients with severe Covid-19 pneumonia in a 2:1 ratio to receive convalescent plasma or placebo. The primary outcome was the patient's clinical status 30 days after the intervention, as measured on a six-point ordinal scale ranging from total recovery to death. Results: A total of 228 patients were assigned to receive convalescent plasma and 105 to receive placebo. The median time from the onset of symptoms to enrollment in the trial was 8 days (interquartile range, 5 to 10), and hypoxemia was the most frequent severity criterion for enrollment. The infused convalescent plasma had a median titer of 1:3200 of total SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (interquartile range, 1:800 to 1:3200). No patients were lost to follow-up. At day 30 day, no significant difference was noted between the convalescent plasma group and the placebo group in the distribution of clinical outcomes according to the ordinal scale (odds ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 1.35; P = 0.46). Overall mortality was 10.96% in the convalescent plasma group and 11.43% in the placebo group, for a risk difference of -0.46 percentage points (95% CI, -7.8 to 6.8). Total SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers tended to be higher in the convalescent plasma group at day 2 after the intervention. Adverse events and serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: No significant differences were observed in clinical status or overall mortality between patients treated with convalescent plasma and those who received placebo. (PlasmAr ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04383535.). (Copyright © 2020 Massachusetts Medical Society.) |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Investigator: VA Simonovich; LD Burgos Pratx; P Scibona; MV Beruto; MG Vallone; C Vázquez; N Savoy; DH Giunta; LG Pérez; M Del L Sánchez; AV Gamarnik; DS Ojeda; DM Santoro; PJ Camino; S Antelo; K Rainero; GP Vidiella; EA Miyazaki; W Cornistein; OA Trabadelo; FM Ross; M Spotti; G Funtowicz; WE Scordo; MH Losso; I Ferniot; PE Pardo; E Rodriguez; P Rucci; J Pasquali; NA Fuentes; M Esperatti; GA Speroni; EC Nannini; A Matteaccio; HG Michelangelo; D Follmann; HC Lane; WH Belloso; MB Bonella; L Sujodoles Gazzero; F Warley; MA Marco; EA Ko; AM Comisario; FA Serra Frías; G Colucci; MS Osorno; MS Odstrcil Bobillo; EF Huaier Arriazu; T Caccavo; RC Moreno Rodriguez; HM Recchioni; PE Guantay; JB Blanco; FJ Vázquez; FL Cilenti; J Rappi; M Carlone; AJ Scherling; S Adra; B Amarilla; VL Valiente; D Montoya; L Delgado; V Carolina; DN Aramberri; F Veloso; G Montoya; NE Pons; CV Gamboa; GP Grottola; M Lucas; HJ Salamone; MS Venuti; MJ Las Heras; VC Stanek; M De Paz; NY Brun; F Seoane; A Vernengo; D Arrigo; MI Giménez; L Molina; J Larriba; M Tambutti; M Martínez von Scheidt; LL Bustamante; V Sylvestre; MB Peralta; JE San Roman; MM Gonzalez Lopez Ledesma; LN Sanchez; GS Costa Navarro; HM Pallares; SM Villordo; DE Alvarez; JJ Caramelo; J Carradori; MJ Yanovsky; P Notrica; A Acuña Elías; AL Tortoriello; CA Medina; EL Del M Romera; CN Mahler; A Gamba; P Galuppo; R Baez; FM Rivero; MA Masciocchi; MM Cortiñas Chudoba; C Ramirez; MA Malvicini; ML Pereyra; A Rios; V Marquevich; MM Lynch Garay; A Espejo; N Marcolini; A Seresi; P Brenzoni; P Pratesi; M Tisi Baña; F Palizas; B Lattanzio; M Casanova; M Gordóvil; E Gándara; ME González; C Moya; S Díaz; A Villoldo; M Olmos; G Lonegro; G Santamaría; F Tortosa; JJ Toibaro; R Fernandez Deud; C Delgado; F Masciottra; SR Caimi; V Pachioli; AM Muñoz; P Paulin; LE Epstein; S Giannasi; JD Benso; MA Prieto; EA Herlein; LA Ducatenzeiler; JA Valverde; FB Libertella; LG Fernandez Otero; J Méndez; M Lahitte; M Fenés; A Zárate; V Damonte; S Villada; G Visintin |
| سلسلة جزيئية: | ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04383535 |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 0 (Antibodies, Neutralizing) 0 (Immunoglobulin G) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20201124 Date Completed: 20210223 Latest Revision: 20231123 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20231123 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC7722692 |
| DOI: | 10.1056/NEJMoa2031304 |
| PMID: | 33232588 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1533-4406 |
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| DOI: | 10.1056/NEJMoa2031304 |