دورية أكاديمية

Health-related quality of life in adults with tetralogy of Fallot repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Health-related quality of life in adults with tetralogy of Fallot repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
المؤلفون: Malik M; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan., Dawood ZS; Medical College, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan., Janjua M; Medical College, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan., Chauhan SSB; Medical College, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan., Ladak LA; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan. laila.ladak@aku.edu.; Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, Sydney Nursing School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. laila.ladak@aku.edu.
المصدر: Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation [Qual Life Res] 2021 Oct; Vol. 30 (10), pp. 2715-2725. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 May 22.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Meta-Analysis; Review; Systematic Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Springer Netherlands Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9210257 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2649 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09629343 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Qual Life Res Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: 2005- : Netherlands : Springer Netherlands
Original Publication: Oxford, UK : Rapid Communications of Oxford, Ltd, c1992-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: Quality of Life*/psychology , Tetralogy of Fallot*/surgery, Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Male
مستخلص: Background: With the advancement in diagnostics and clinical management, patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) are surviving till adulthood. Hence, assessing the impact of ToF repair on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of these patients is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this paper is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the HRQOL in patients who have undergone ToF repair.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Medline and Web of Science databases. Studies that compared the HRQOL of adult patients (mean age ≥ 18 years) who had previously undergone ToF repair with healthy controls were included. Analysis was done via Revman V5.3 using a random effects model.
Results: The 16 studies (15 using SF-36) included in the meta-analysis, comprised 1818 patients and 50,265 healthy controls. There was a higher proportion of males (59%). The mean ages at surgery and at HRQOL assessment were 5.37 years and 30.3 years, respectively. We found that repaired ToF patients had a statistically significantly lower score in the physical component summary (SMD = - 0.92 CI = - 1.54, - 0.30) and physical functioning (SMD = - 0.27 CI = - 0.50, - 0.03) compared to healthy controls. However, these patients had statistically significantly higher scores in the bodily pain domain (SMD = 0.35 CI = 0.12, 0.58) and social functioning (SMD = 0.23 CI = 0.01, 0.46), while there was no significant difference in other domains.
Conclusion: Overall, physical domain of HRQOL was statistically significantly lower in repaired ToF patients compared to healthy controls. However, repaired ToF patients scored significantly higher on bodily pain and Social Functioning. There was additionally no difference in the HRQOL between the two groups in other domains of HRQOL.
(© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)
التعليقات: Erratum in: Qual Life Res. 2021 Jun 26;:. (PMID: 34173974)
References: Apitz, C., Webb, G. D., & Redington, A. N. (2009). Tetralogy of fallot. The Lancet, 374, 1462–1471. (PMID: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60657-7)
Villafañe, J., Feinstein, J. A., Jenkins, K. J., Vincent, R. N., Walsh, E. P., Dubin, A. M., et al. (2013). Hot topics in tetralogy of fallot. Journal of the American College of Cardiology., 62, 2155–2166. (PMID: 2407648910.1016/j.jacc.2013.07.100)
Murphy, J. G., Gersh, B. J., Mair, D. D., Fuster, V., Mcgoon, M. D., Ilstrup, D. M., et al. (1993). Long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical repair of tetralogy of fallot. New England Journal of Medicine, 329(9), 593–599. (PMID: 10.1056/NEJM1993082632909017688102)
Walton Lillehei, C., Warden, H. E., Dewall, R. A., Varco, R. L., Gott, V. L., Patton, C., et al. (1986). The first open heart corrections of tetralogy of Fallot A 26–31 year follow-up of 106 patients. Annals of Surgery, 204(4), 490. (PMID: 10.1097/00000658-198610000-00017)
Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) | CDC [Internet]. Retrieved August 25, 2020 from: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/index.htm.
Mommersteeg, P. M. C., Denollet, J., Spertus, J. A., & Pedersen, S. S. (2009). Health status as a risk factor in cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of current evidence. American Heart Journal. Am Heart J, 157, 208–218. (PMID: 1918562710.1016/j.ahj.2008.09.020)
Heidenreich, P. A., Spertus, J. A., Jones, P. G., Weintraub, W. S., Rumsfeld, J. S., Rathore, S. S., et al. (2006). Health status identifies heart failure outpatients at risk for hospitalization or death. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 47(4), 752–756. (PMID: 1648784010.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.021)
Luther, S. A., Mccullough, P. A., Havranek, E. P., Rumsfeld, J. S., Jones, P. G., Heidenreich, P. A., et al. (2005). The relationship between B-type natriuretic peptide and health status in patients with heart failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 11(6), 414–421. (PMID: 1610563110.1016/j.cardfail.2005.02.004)
Rumsfeld, J. S. (2002). Health status and clinical practice: When will they meet? Circulation, 106, 5–7. (PMID: 1209375910.1161/01.CIR.0000020805.31531.48)
Rector, T. S., Anand, I. S., & Cohn, J. N. (2006). Relationships between clinical assessments and patients’ perceptions of the effects of heart failure on their quality of life. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 12(2), 87–92. (PMID: 1652025410.1016/j.cardfail.2005.10.002)
Rumsfeld, J. S., Alexander, K. P., Goff, D. C., Graham, M. M., Ho, P. M., Masoudi, F. A., et al. (2013). Cardiovascular health: The importance of measuring patient-reported health status a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation, 127(22), 2233–2249. (PMID: 2364877810.1161/CIR.0b013e3182949a2e)
Knowles, R., Veldtman, G., Hickey, E. J., Bradley, T., Gengsakul, A., Webb, G. D., et al. (2012). Functional health status of adults with tetralogy of Fallot: Matched comparison with healthy siblings. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 94(1), 124–132. (PMID: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2011.09.05622429671)
Park, C. S., Lee, J. R., Lim, H.-G., Kim, W.-H., & Kim, Y. J. (2010). The long-term result of total repair for tetralogy of Fallot☆. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 38(3), 311–317. (PMID: 2034668810.1016/j.ejcts.2010.02.030)
Buys, R., Budts, W., Delecluse, C., & Vanhees, L. (2014). Determinants of physical activity in young adults with tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiology in the Young, 24(1), 20–26. (PMID: 2316449410.1017/S1047951112001898)
Khairy, P., Aboulhosn, J., Gurvitz, M. Z., Opotowsky, A. R., Mongeon, F. P., Kay, J., et al. (2010). Arrhythmia burden in adults with surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot: A multi-institutional study. Circulation, 122(9), 868–875. (PMID: 2071390010.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.928481)
Van Den Bosch, A. E., Roos-Hesselink, J. W., Van Domburg, R., Bogers, A. J. J. C., Simoons, M. L., & Meijboom, F. J. (2004). Long-term outcome and quality of life in adult patients after the Fontan operation. American Journal of Cardiology, 93(9), 1141–1145. (PMID: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.01.04115110207)
Warnes, C. A. (2005). The adult with congenital heart disease: Born to be bad? Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46, 1–8. (PMID: 1599262710.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.083)
Frigiola, A., Bull, C., & Wray, J. (2014). Exercise capacity, quality of life, and resilience after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: A cross-sectional study of patients operated between 1964 and 2009. Cardiology in the Young, 24(1), 79–86. (PMID: 2341467910.1017/S1047951112002296)
Moons, P., Van Deyk, K., Marquet, K., De Bleser, L., De Geest, S., & Budts, W. (2009). Profile of adults with congenital heart disease having a good, moderate, or poor quality of life: A cluster analytic study. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 8(2), 151–157. (PMID: 1909794310.1016/j.ejcnurse.2008.11.001)
Bygstad, E., Pedersen, L. C. V. M., Pedersen, T. A. L., & Hjortdal, V. E. (2012). Tetralogy of Fallot in men: quality of life, family, education, and employment. Cardiology in the Young, 22, 417–423. (PMID: 2216668010.1017/S1047951111001934)
Lane, D. A., Lip, G. Y. H., & Millane, T. A. (2002). Quality of life in adults with congenital heart disease. Heart, 88(1), 71–75. (PMID: 12067950176715710.1136/heart.88.1.71)
Walker, W. T., Temple, I. K., Gnanapragasam, J. P., Goddard, J. R., & Brown, E. M. (2002). Quality of life after repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Cardiology in the Young, 12(6), 549–553. (PMID: 1263600310.1017/S1047951102000999)
Loup, O., von Weissenfluh, C., Gahl, B., Schwerzmann, M., Carrel, T., & Kadner, A. (2009). Quality of life of grown-up congenital heart disease patients after congenital cardiac surgery☆. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, 36(1), 105–111. (PMID: 1944253010.1016/j.ejcts.2009.03.023)
Athanasiadis, D. I., Mylonas, K. S., Kasparian, K., Ziogas, I. A., Vlachopoulou, D., Sfyridis, P. G., et al. (2019). Surgical outcomes in syndromic tetralogy of Fallot: A systematic review and evidence quality assessment. Pediatric Cardiology, 40, 1105–1112. (PMID: 3121473110.1007/s00246-019-02133-z)
Ferraz Cavalcanti, P. E., Sá, M. P. B. O., Santos, C. A., Esmeraldo, I. M., Escobar, R. R. D., Menezes, A. M. D., Azevedo, O. M. D., Vasconcelos Silva, F. P. D., Lins, R. F. D. A., & Lima, R. D. C. (2013). Pulmonary valve replacement after operative repair of tetralogy of Fallot: meta-analysis and meta-regression of 3,118 patients from 48 studies. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(23), 2227–2243. (PMID: 2408010910.1016/j.jacc.2013.04.107)
Cheung, E., & Wong, W. (2010). Meta-analysis of pulmonary valve replacement after operative repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The American Journal of Cardiology, 106, 552. (PMID: 2069131510.1016/j.amjcard.2010.03.065)
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., Altman, D., Antes, G., et al. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6, e1000097. (PMID: 19621072270759910.1371/journal.pmed.1000097)
Chapter 6: Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect | Cochrane Training [Internet]. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from https://training.cochrane.org/handbook/current/chapter-06#section-6-5.
Opić, P., Utens, E. M. W. J., Moons, P., Theuns, D. A. M. J., Van Dijk, A. P. J., Hoendermis, E. S., et al. (2012). Psychosocial impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in young adults with Tetralogy of Fallot. Clinical Research in Cardiology, 101(7), 509–519. (PMID: 22314278337789910.1007/s00392-012-0420-x)
Hickey, E. J., Veldtman, G., Bradley, T. J., Gengsakul, A., Webb, G., Williams, W. G., et al. (2012). Functional health status in adult survivors of operative repair of tetralogy of Fallot. American Journal of Cardiology, 109(6), 873–880. (PMID: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2011.10.05122244382)
van Rijen, E. H. M., Utens, E. M. W. J., Roos-Hesselink, J. W., Meijboom, F. J., van Domburg, R. T., Roelandt, J. R. T. C., et al. (2005). Current subjective state of health, and longitudinal psychological well-being over a period of 10 years, in a cohort of adults with congenital cardiac disease. Cardiology in the Young, 15(2), 168–175. (PMID: 1584516010.1017/S1047951105000351)
Lo, C. K. L., Mertz, D., & Loeb, M. (2014). Newcastle-Ottawa Scale: Comparing reviewers’ to authors’ assessments. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 14(1), 1–5. (PMID: 10.1186/1471-2288-14-45)
Sterne, J. A. C., & Egger, M. (2001). Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: Guidelines on choice of axis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(10), 1046–1055. (PMID: 1157681710.1016/S0895-4356(01)00377-8)
Müller, J., Berner, A., Ewert, P., & Hager, A. (2014). Reduced health-related quality of life in older patients with congenital heart disease: A cross sectional study in 2360 patients. International Journal of Cardiology, 175(2), 358–362. (PMID: 2497380910.1016/j.ijcard.2014.06.008)
Lu, J. C., Cotts, T. B., & Dorfman, A. L. (2012). Diastolic function and patient-reported quality of life for adolescents and adults with repaired tetralogy of fallot: A tissue doppler study. Pediatric Cardiology, 33(4), 618–624. (PMID: 2232722810.1007/s00246-012-0189-8)
Hancock Friesen, C. L., Robertson, M., Liu, D., Burton, H., Fleming, K., Jackson, S., et al. (2011). Follow-up of tetralogy of Fallot patients: Tertiary centre versus satellite clinic. Cardiology in the Young, 21(4), 444–453. (PMID: 10.1017/S1047951111000436)
Müller, J., Hess, J., & Hager, A. (2012). Minor symptoms of depression in patients with congenital heart disease have a larger impact on quality of life than limited exercise capacity. International Journal of Cardiology, 154(3), 265–269. (PMID: 2092614410.1016/j.ijcard.2010.09.029)
Gratz, A., Hess, J., & Hager, A. (2009). Self-estimated physical functioning poorly predicts actual exercise capacity in adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease. European Heart Journal, 30(4), 497–504. (PMID: 1906621110.1093/eurheartj/ehn531)
RevMan Calculator | Cochrane Training [Internet]. Retrieved May 21, 2020 from https://training.cochrane.org/resource/revman-calculator.
Dluzniewska, N., Podolec, P., Olszowska, M., Werynski, P., Suder, B., Kopec, G., et al. (2018). Quality of life in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Kardiochirurgia i Torakochirurgia Polska, 15(2), 107–113. (PMID: 300691916066685)
Daliento, L., Mapelli, D., Russo, G., Scarso, P., Limongi, F., Iannizzi, P., et al. (2005). Health related quality of life in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot: Psychosocial and cognitive outcomes. Heart, 91(2), 213–218. (PMID: 15657236176872910.1136/hrt.2003.029280)
Irtel, T. A., Vetter, C., Stuber, T., Kuemin, A., Heimes, T., Pfammater, J. P., et al. (2005). Impact of arrhythmias on health-related quality of life in adults with congenital cardiac disease. Cardiology in the Young, 15(6), 627–631. (PMID: 1629725810.1017/S1047951105001812)
Opić, P., Utens, E. M. W. J., Ruys, T. P. E., Van Domburg, R. T., Witsenburg, M., Bogers, A. J. J. C., et al. (2014). Long-term psychosocial outcome of adults with tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries: A historical comparison. Cardiology in the Young, 24, 593–604. (PMID: 2383511810.1017/S104795111300067X)
Lu, J. C., Cotts, T. B., Agarwal, P. P., Attili, A. K., & Dorfman, A. L. (2010). Relation of right ventricular dilation, age of repair, and restrictive right ventricular physiology with patient-reported quality of life in adolescents and adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. American Journal of Cardiology, 106(12), 1798–1802. (PMID: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.08.02121126623)
New country classifications by income level: 2019–2020 [Internet]. Retrieved May 20, 2020 from https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-country-classifications-income-level-2019-2020.
Schrøder, M., Boisen, K. A., Reimers, J., Teilmann, G., & Brok, J. (2016). Quality of life in adolescents and young adults with CHD is not reduced: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiology in the Young, 26, 415–425. (PMID: 2656120710.1017/S104795111500181X)
Marshall, K. H., D’Udekem, Y., Sholler, G. F., Opotowsky, A. R., Costa, D. S. J., Sharpe, L., et al. (2020). Health-related quality of life in children, adolescents, and adults with a Fontan circulation: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(6), e014172. (PMID: 32172648733551310.1161/JAHA.119.014172)
Uzark, K., Zak, V., Shrader, P., McCrindle, B. W., Radojewski, E., Varni, J. W., et al. (2016). Assessment of quality of life in young patients with single ventricle after the Fontan operation. Journal of Pediatrics, 1(170), 166-172.e1. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.11.016)
Kahr, P. C., Radke, R. M., Orwat, S., Baumgartner, H., & Diller, G. P. (2015). Analysis of associations between congenital heart defect complexity and health-related quality of life using a meta-analytic strategy. International Journal of Cardiology, 15(199), 197–203. (PMID: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.07.045)
Fialka-Moser, V., Crevenna, R., Korpan, M., & Quittan, M. (2003). Cancer rehabilitation. Particularly with aspects on physical impairments. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 35, 153–162. (PMID: 1289224010.1080/16501970306129)
Geva, T., Sandweiss, B. M., Gauvreau, K., Lock, J. E., & Powell, A. J. (2004). Factors associated with impaired clinical status in long-term survivors of tetralogy of Fallot repair evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 43(6), 1068–1074. (PMID: 1502836810.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.045)
Kamphuis, M., Ottenkamp, J., Vliegen, H. W., Vogels, T., Zwinderman, K. H., Kamphuis, R. P., et al. (2002). Health related quality of life and health status in adult survivors with previously operated complex congenital heart disease. Heart, 87(4), 356–362. (PMID: 11907011176707410.1136/heart.87.4.356)
House, A. V., Danford, D. A., Spicer, R. L., & Kutty, S. (2015). Impact of clinical follow-up and diagnostic testing on intervention for tetralogy of Fallot. Open Heart, 2(1), e000185. (PMID: 25973212442292010.1136/openhrt-2014-000185)
Williams, A. M., Bhatti, U. F., Alam, H. B., & Nikolian, V. C. (2018). The role of telemedicine in postoperative care. mHealth, 4, 11. (PMID: 29963556599444710.21037/mhealth.2018.04.03)
Sandtröm, A., Sandberg, C., Rinnström, D., Engström, G., Dellborg, M., Thilén, U., et al. (2019). Factors associated with health-related quality of life among adults with tetralogy of Fallot. Open Hear., 6(1), 932.
Cramer, J. W., Ginde, S., Hill, G. D., Cohen, S. B., Bartz, P. J., Tweddell, J. S., et al. (2015). Tricuspid repair at pulmonary valve replacement does not alter outcomes in tetralogy of Fallot. Annals of Thoracic Surgery, 99(3), 899–904. (PMID: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.08625596869)
Kondo, C., Nakazawa, M., Kusakabe, K., & Momma, K. (1995). Left ventricular dysfunction on exercise long term after total repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation, 92(9 SUPPL.), 250. (PMID: 10.1161/01.CIR.92.9.250)
Arafat, A. A., Elatafy, E. E., Elshedoudy, S., Zalat, M., Abdallah, N., & Elmahrouk, A. (2018). Surgical strategies protecting against right ventricular dilatation following tetralogy of Fallot repair. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 13(1), 1–7. (PMID: 10.1186/s13019-018-0702-0)
Roubertie, F., Séguéla, P. E., Jalal, Z., Iriart, X., Roques, X., Kreitmann, B., et al. (2017). Tricuspid valve repair and pulmonary valve replacement in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 154(1), 214–223. (PMID: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2016.12.06228292589)
Geva, T. (2013). Indications for pulmonary valve replacement in repaired tetralogy of fallot: The quest continues. Circulation, 128, 1855–1857. (PMID: 24065609389893910.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005878)
Lueck, S., Bormann, E., Rellensmann, K., Martens, S., & Rukosujew, A. (2019). Impact of additional tricuspid valve annuloplasty in TOF patients undergoing pulmonary valve replacement. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery (Torino), 60(2), 268–273.
Geva, T. (2011). Repaired tetralogy of Fallot: The roles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluating pathophysiology and for pulmonary valve replacement decision support. Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 13, 1–24. (PMID: 10.1186/1532-429X-13-9)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) Patient Stories Patient Stories | Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia [Internet]. Retrieved December 10, 2020 from https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/tetralogy-fallot/patient-stories.
Mossey, J. M., & Gallagher, R. M. (2008). (220) Evaluation of the effects of pain and depression on the physical functioning of continuing care retirement community residents: implications for the treatment of pain in older individuals. Pain Medicine, 2(3), 247–248. (PMID: 10.1111/j.1526-4637.2001.pme01039-20.x)
Jette, D. U., & Downing, J. (1996). The relationship of cardovascular and psychological imapairments to the impairments to the health status of patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation programs. Physical Therapy, 76(2), 130–139. (PMID: 859271710.1093/ptj/76.2.130)
Schwartz, C. E., Andresen, E. M., Nosek, M. A., & Krahn, G. L. (2007). Response shift theory: Important implications for measuring quality of life in people with disability. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 88(4), 529–536. (PMID: 1739825710.1016/j.apmr.2006.12.032)
Schwartz, C. E., & Sprangers, M. A. G. (2004). Methodological approaches for assessing response shift in longitudinal health-related quality-of-life research. Adaptation to changing health: Response shift in quality-of-life research. (pp. 81–107). American Psychological Association.
Sprangers, M. A. G., & Schwartz, C. E. (1999). Integrating response shift into health-related quality of life research: A theoretical model. Social Science and Medicine, 48, 1507–1515. (PMID: 1040025310.1016/S0277-9536(99)00045-3)
Mocumbi, A. O., Lameira, E., Yaksh, A., Paul, L., Ferreira, M. B., & Sidi, D. (2011). Challenges on the management of congenital heart disease in developing countries. International Journal of Cardiology, 148(3), 285–288. (PMID: 1993251610.1016/j.ijcard.2009.11.006)
فهرسة مساهمة: Keywords: Adults; Health-related quality of life; Surgery; Tetralogy of Fallot
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20210522 Date Completed: 20211125 Latest Revision: 20230223
رمز التحديث: 20230223
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-02875-5
PMID: 34021473
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1573-2649
DOI:10.1007/s11136-021-02875-5