دورية أكاديمية

Sepsis in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: how often and how severe?

التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: Sepsis in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019: how often and how severe?
المؤلفون: da Silva Ramos FJ; Anesthesiology, Pain and Intensive Care Medicine Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil., de Freitas FGR, Machado FR
المصدر: Current opinion in critical care [Curr Opin Crit Care] 2021 Oct 01; Vol. 27 (5), pp. 474-479.
نوع المنشور: Journal Article; Review
اللغة: English
بيانات الدورية: Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9504454 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10705295 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Curr Opin Crit Care Subsets: MEDLINE
أسماء مطبوعة: Publication: <1999->: Hagerstown, MD : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Original Publication: Philadelphia, PA : Current Science, c1995-
مواضيع طبية MeSH: COVID-19* , Sepsis*, Critical Illness ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2
مستخلص: Purpose of Review: To discuss why severe COVID-19 should be considered sepsis and how co-infection and secondary infection can aggravate this condition and perpetuate organ dysfunction leading to high mortality rates.
Recent Findings: In severe COVID-19, there is both direct viral toxicity and dysregulated host response to infection. Although both coinfection and/or secondary infection are present, the latest is of greater concern mainly in resource-poor settings. Patients with severe COVID-19 present a phenotype of multiorgan dysfunction that leads to death in an unacceptable high percentage of the patients, with wide variability around the world. Similarly to endemic sepsis, the mortality of COVID-19 critically ill patients is higher in low-income and middle-income countries as compared with high-income countries. Disparities, including hospital strain, resources limitations, higher incidence of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), and staffing issues could in part explain this variability.
Summary: The high mortality rates of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 disease are not only related to the severity of patient disease but also to modifiable factors, such as the ICU strain, HAI incidence, and organizational aspects. Therefore, HAI prevention and the delivery of best evidence-based care for these patients to avoid additional damage is important. Quality improvement interventions might help in improving outcomes mainly in resource-limited settings.
(Copyright © 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)
References: Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; 323:1239–1242.
Li H, Liu L, Zhang D, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and viral sepsis: observations and hypotheses. Lancet Lond Engl 2020; 395:1517–1520.
Beltrán-García J, Osca-Verdegal R, Pallardó FV, et al. Sepsis and coronavirus disease 2019: common features and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:1841–1844.
Grasselli G, Greco M, Zanella A, et al. COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Risk factors associated with mortality among patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units in Lombardy, Italy. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:1345–1355.
Bardi T, Pintado V, Gomez-Rojo M, et al. Nosocomial infections associated to COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: clinical characteristics and outcome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 490:495–502.
Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3). JAMA 2016; 315:801–810.
Osuchowski MF, Winkler MS, Skirecki S, et al. COVID-19: pathophysiology of acute disease 1. The COVID-19 puzzle: deciphering pathophysiology and phenotypes of a new disease entity. Lancet Respir Med 2021; 9:622–642.
Pons S, Fodil S, Azoulay E, Zafrani L. The vascular endothelium: the cornerstone of organ dysfunction in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Crit Care 2020; 24:353.
Wilcox SR. Management of respiratory failure due to covid-19. BMJ 2020; 369:m1786.
Gupta A, Madhavan M, Sehgal K, et al. Extrapulmonary manifestation of COVID-19. Nat Med 2020; 26:1017–1032.
Vincent J-L. COVID-19: it's all about sepsis. Future Microbiol 2021; 16:131–133.
Vincent J-L, Taccone FS. Understanding pathways to death in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:430–432.
Dolin HH, Papadimos TJ, Chen X, Pan ZK. Characterization of pathogenic sepsis etiologies and patient profiles: a novel approach to triage and treatment. Microbiol Insights 2019; 12: 1178636118825081.
Herridge MS, Moss M, Hough CL, et al. Recovery and outcomes after the acute respiratory distress syndrome (2) in patients and their family caregivers. Intensive Care Med 2016; 42:725–738.
Zettersten E, Engerström L, Bell M, et al. Long-term outcome after intensive care for COVID-19: differences between men and women—a nationwide cohort study. Crit Care 2021; 25:86.
Olwal CO, Nganyewo NN, Tapela K, et al. Parallels in sepsis and COVID-19 conditions: implications for managing severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:602848.
Iba T, Levy JH, Levi M, et al. Coagulopathy of coronavirus disease. Crit Care Med 2020; 48:1358–1364.
Vasquez CR, Gupta S, Miano TA, et al. Identification of distinct clinical subphenotypes in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Chest 2021; S0012-3692(21)00874-6.
Yataco AOC, Simpson SQ. Coronavirus disease 2019 sepsis: a nudge toward antibiotic stewardship. Chest 2020; 158:1833–1834.
Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:854–887.
MacIntyre CR, Chughtai AA, Barnes M, Ridda I, et al. The role of pneumonia and secondary bacterial infection in fatal and serious outcomes of pandemic influenza a(H1N1)pdm09. BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:637.
Feldman C, Anderson R. The role of co-infections and secondary infections in patients with COVID-19. Pneumonia 2021; 13:5.
Langford BJ, So M, Raybardhan S, et al. Bacterial co-infection and secondary infection in patients with COVID-19: a living rapid review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1622–1629.
Bengoechea JA, Bamford CG. SARS-CoV-2, bacterial co-infections, and AMR: the deadly trio in COVID-19? EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e12560.
Musuuza J, Watson L, Parmasad V, et al. Prevalence and outcomes of co-infection and superinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens: A systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv 2020.10.27.20220566.
Grasselli G, Scaravilli V, Mangioni D, et al. Hospital-Acquired Infections in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Chest 2021; S0012-3692(21)00679-6.
Giacobbe DR, Battaglini D, Ball L, et al. Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Eur J Clin Invest 2020; 50:e13319.
Lai C-C, Wang C-Y, Hsueh P-R. Co-infections among patients with COVID-19: The need for combination therapy with nonanti-SARS-CoV-2 agents? J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2020; 53:505–512.
Zhou Q, Gao Y, Wang X, et al. COVID-19 Evidence and Recommendations Working Group. Nosocomial infections among patients with COVID-19, SARS and MERS: a rapid review and meta-analysis. Ann Transl Med 2020; 8:629–1629.
Rosenthal VD, Duszynska W, Ider BE, et al. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 45 countries for 2013-2018, Adult and Pediatric Units, Device-associated Module. Am J Infect Control 2021; S0196-6553(21)00272-8.
Serafim RB, Póvoa P, Souza-Dantas V, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:47–54.
Gupta S, Hayek SS, Wang W, et al. STOP-COVID Investigators. Factors associated with death in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in the US. JAMA Intern Med 2020; 180:1436.
Karagiannidis C, Mostert C, Hentschker C, et al. Case characteristics, resource use, and outcomes of 10 021 patients with COVID-19 admitted to 920 German hospitals: an observational study. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:853–862.
Quah P, Li A, Phua J. Mortality rates of patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit: a systematic review of the emerging literature. Crit Care 2020; 24:285.
Ketcham SW, Sedhai YR, Miller HC, et al. Causes and characteristics of death in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Crit Care 2020; 24:391.
Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, et al. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:846–848.
Contou D, Cally R, Sarfati F, et al. Causes and timing of death in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Crit Care 2021; 25:79.
Ketcham SW, Bolig TC, Molling DJ, et al. Causes and Circumstances of Death among Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2021; 18:1076–1079.
Fleischmann-Struzek C, Mellhammar L, Rose N, et al. Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med 2020; 46:1552–1562.
Machado FR, Cavalcanti AB, Bozza FA, et al. SPREAD Investigators, Latin American Sepsis Institute Network. The epidemiology of sepsis in Brazilian intensive care units (the Sepsis PREvalence Assessment Database, SPREAD): an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2017; 17:1180–1189.
Baykara N, Akalin H, Arslantaş MK, et al. Sepsis Study Group. Epidemiology of sepsis in intensive care units in Turkey: a multicenter, point-prevalence study. Crit Care 2018; 22:93.
Lewis JM, Feasey NA, Rylance J. Aetiology and outcomes of sepsis in adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2019; 23:212.
Rudd KE, Johnson SC, Agesa KM, et al. Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990–2017: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet 2020; 395:200–211.
Ranzani OT, Bastos LSL, Gelli JGM, et al. Characterisation of the first 250 000 hospital admissions for COVID-19 in Brazil: a retrospective analysis of nationwide data. Lancet Respir Med 2021; 9:407–418.
Kurtz P, Bastos LSL, Dantas LF, et al. Evolving changes in mortality of 13,301 critically ill adult patients with COVID-19 over 8 months. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47:538–554.
Taniguchi LU, Azevedo LCPde, Bozza FA, et al. Availability of resources to treat sepsis in Brazil: a random sample of Brazilian institutions. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva 2019; 31:193–201.
Churpek MM, Gupta S, Spicer AB, et al. Hospital-Level Variation in Death for Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2021.
Salluh JIF, Lisboa T, Bozza FA. Challenges for the care delivery for critically ill COVID-19 patients in developing countries: the Brazilian perspective. Crit Care 2020; 24:593.
Salluh JIF, Ramos F, Chiche JD. Delivering evidence-based critical care for mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19. Lancet Respir Med 2020; 8:756–758.
Machado FR, Ferreira EM, Sousa JL, et al. Quality improvement initiatives in sepsis in an emerging country: does the institution's main source of income influence the results? An analysis of 21,103 patients ∗ . Crit Care Med 2017; 45:1650–1659.
تواريخ الأحداث: Date Created: 20210722 Date Completed: 20210906 Latest Revision: 20230913
رمز التحديث: 20240628
مُعرف محوري في PubMed: PMC8452249
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000861
PMID: 34292175
قاعدة البيانات: MEDLINE
الوصف
تدمد:1531-7072
DOI:10.1097/MCC.0000000000000861