دورية أكاديمية
Warm (for Winter): Inferring Comparison Classes in Communication.
| العنوان: | Warm (for Winter): Inferring Comparison Classes in Communication. |
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| المؤلفون: | Tessler MH; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.; Department of Psychology, Stanford University., Goodman ND; Department of Psychology, Stanford University.; Department of Computer Science, Stanford University. |
| المصدر: | Cognitive science [Cogn Sci] 2022 Mar; Vol. 46 (3), pp. e13095. |
| نوع المنشور: | Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7708195 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1551-6709 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03640213 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Sci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: 2009-: Hoboken, N.J. : Wiley-Blackwell Original Publication: Norwood, N. J., Ablex Pub. Corp. |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Communication* , Comprehension*, Bayes Theorem ; Humans ; Language ; Seasons |
| مستخلص: | The meanings of natural language utterances depend heavily on context. Yet, what counts as context is often only implicit in conversation. The utterance it's warm outside signals that the temperature outside is relatively high, but the temperature could be high relative to a number of different comparison classes: other days of the year, other weeks, other seasons, etc. Theories of context sensitivity in language agree that the comparison class is a crucial variable for understanding meaning, but little is known about how a listener decides upon the comparison class. Using the case study of gradable adjectives (e.g., warm), we extend a Bayesian model of pragmatic inference to reason flexibly about the comparison class and test its qualitative predictions in a large-scale free-production experiment. We find that human listeners infer the comparison class by reasoning about the kinds of observations that would be remarkable enough for a speaker to mention, given the speaker and listener's shared knowledge of the world. Further, we quantitatively synthesize the model and data using Bayesian data analysis, which reveals that usage frequency and a preference for basic-level categories are two main factors in comparison class inference. This work presents new data and reveals the mechanisms by which human listeners recover the relevant aspects of context when understanding language. (© 2022 The Authors. Cognitive Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Cognitive Science Society (CSS).) |
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| فهرسة مساهمة: | Keywords: Bayesian cognitive model; Bayesian data analysis; Comparison class; Context | Adjectives; Pragmatics; Rational Speech Act; Reference class |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20220317 Date Completed: 20220401 Latest Revision: 20220720 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20240628 |
| مُعرف محوري في PubMed: | PMC9286384 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/cogs.13095 |
| PMID: | 35297089 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
Full Text Finder | تدمد: | 1551-6709 |
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| DOI: | 10.1111/cogs.13095 |