دورية أكاديمية
Descriptive Analysis of Intratheater Critical Care Air Transport Team Patient Movements During Troop Drawdown: Afghanistan (2017-2019).
| العنوان: | Descriptive Analysis of Intratheater Critical Care Air Transport Team Patient Movements During Troop Drawdown: Afghanistan (2017-2019). |
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| المؤلفون: | Zingg SW; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Elterman J; UCHealth Surgical Clinic, Loveland, CO 80538, USA., Proctor M; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Salvator A; Air Force Research Laboratory Airman Biosciences Division, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA., Cheney M; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Hare J; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Davis WT; United States Air Force En route Care Research Center/59th MDW/Science and Technology, JBSA-Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234, USA., Rosenberry N; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Brown DJ; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Earnest R; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Robinson FE; Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 454335, USA., Pritts TA; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA., Strilka R; Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.; University of Cincinnati Center for Sustainment of Trauma and Readiness Skills, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA. |
| المصدر: | Military medicine [Mil Med] 2023 Aug 29; Vol. 188 (9-10), pp. 3086-3094. |
| نوع المنشور: | Review; Journal Article |
| اللغة: | English |
| بيانات الدورية: | Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 2984771R Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1930-613X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00264075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mil Med Subsets: MEDLINE |
| أسماء مطبوعة: | Publication: 2018- : Oxford : Oxford University Press Original Publication: Washington, D.C. : Association of Military Surgeons, United States, 1955- |
| مواضيع طبية MeSH: | Ketamine* , Air Ambulances* , Brain Injuries, Traumatic* , Military Personnel*, Humans ; Afghanistan ; Retrospective Studies ; Critical Care/methods |
| مستخلص: | Background: The majority of critical care air transport (CCAT) flights are regulated, meaning that a theater-validating flight surgeon has confirmed that the patient is medically cleared for flight and that evacuation is appropriate. If the conditions on the ground do not allow for this process, the flight is unregulated. Published data are limited regarding CCAT unregulated missions to include the period of troop drawdown at the end of the Afghanistan conflict. The objective of our study was to characterize the unregulated missions within Afghanistan during troop drawdown and compare them to regulated missions during the same timeframe. Study Design: We performed a retrospective review of all CCAT medical records of patients transported via CCAT within Afghanistan between January 2017 and December 2019. We abstracted data from the records, including mission characteristics, patient demographics, injury descriptors, preflight military treatment facility procedures, CCAT procedures, in-flight CCAT treatments, in-flight events, and equipment issues. Following descriptive and comparative analysis, a Cochran-Armitage test was performed to evaluate the statistical significance of the trend in categorical data over time. Multivariable regression was used to assess the association between vasopressors and preflight massive transfusions, preflight surgical procedures, injury patterns, and age. Results: We reviewed 147 records of patients transported via CCAT: 68 patients were transported in a regulated fashion and 79 on an unregulated flight. The number of patients evacuated increased year-over-year (n = 22 in 2017, n = 57 in 2018, and n = 68 in 2019, P < .001), and the percentage of missions that were unregulated grew geometrically (14%, n = 3 in 2017; 37%, n = 21 in 2018; and 81%, n = 55 in 2019, P < .001). During the time studied, CCAT teams were being used more to decompress forward surgical teams (FST) and, therefore, they were transporting patients just hours following initial damage control surgery in an unregulated fashion. In 2 instances, CCAT decompressed an FST following a mass casualty, during which aeromedical evacuation (AE) crews assisted with patient care. For the regulated missions, the treatments that were statistically more common were intravenous fluids, propofol, norepinephrine, any vasopressors, and bicarbonate. During unregulated missions, the statistically more common treatments were ketamine, fentanyl, and 3% saline. Additional analysis of the mechanically ventilated patient subgroup revealed that vasopressors were used twice as often on regulated (38%) vs. unregulated (13%) flights. Multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that traumatic brain injury (TBI) was the only significant predictor of in-flight vasopressor use (odds ratio = 3.53, confidence interval [1.22, 10.22], P = .02). Conclusion: During the troop drawdown in Afghanistan, the number of unregulated missions increased geometrically because the medical footprint was decreasing. During unregulated missions, CCAT providers used ketamine more frequently, consistent with Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines. In addition, TBI was the only predictor of vasopressor use and may reflect an attempt to adhere to unmonitored TBI clinical guidelines. Interoperability between CCAT and AE teams is critical to meet mass casualty needs in unregulated mission environments and highlights a need for joint training. It remains imperative to evaluate changes in mission requirements to inform en route combat casualty care training. (© The Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2022. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.) |
| المشرفين على المادة: | 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine) |
| تواريخ الأحداث: | Date Created: 20220421 Date Completed: 20230831 Latest Revision: 20230916 |
| رمز التحديث: | 20230916 |
| DOI: | 10.1093/milmed/usac097 |
| PMID: | 35446424 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | MEDLINE |
| تدمد: | 1930-613X |
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| DOI: | 10.1093/milmed/usac097 |